Pollen morphology of <i>Nothofagus</i> (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance

Nothofagaceae (southern beeches) are a relatively small flowering plant family of trees confined to the Southern Hemisphere. The fossil record of the family is abundant and it has been widely used as a test case for the classic hypothesis that Antarctica, Patagonia, Australia and New Zealand were on...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Fernández, Damián Andrés, Santamarina, Patricio Emmanuel, Tellería, María Cristina, Palazzesi, Luis, Barreda, Viviana Dora
Formato: Articulo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2016
Materias:
Ciencias Naturales
character evolution
exine structure
Nothofagus
pollen morphology
South America
Acceso en línea:http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/85806
Aporte de:
SEDICI (UNLP) de Universidad Nacional de La Plata
id I19-R120-10915-85806
record_format dspace
institution Universidad Nacional de La Plata
institution_str I-19
repository_str R-120
collection SEDICI (UNLP)
language Inglés
topic Ciencias Naturales
character evolution
exine structure
Nothofagus
pollen morphology
South America
spellingShingle Ciencias Naturales
character evolution
exine structure
Nothofagus
pollen morphology
South America
Fernández, Damián Andrés
Santamarina, Patricio Emmanuel
Tellería, María Cristina
Palazzesi, Luis
Barreda, Viviana Dora
Pollen morphology of <i>Nothofagus</i> (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance
topic_facet Ciencias Naturales
character evolution
exine structure
Nothofagus
pollen morphology
South America
description Nothofagaceae (southern beeches) are a relatively small flowering plant family of trees confined to the Southern Hemisphere. The fossil record of the family is abundant and it has been widely used as a test case for the classic hypothesis that Antarctica, Patagonia, Australia and New Zealand were once joined together. Although the phylogenetic relationships in Nothofagus appear to be well supported, the evolution of some pollen morphological traits remains elusive, largely because of the lack of ultrastructural analyses. Here we describe the pollen morphology of all extant South American species of Nothofagus, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy (LM), and reconstruct ancestral character states using a well-supported phylogenetic tree of the family. Our results indicate that the main differences between pollen of subgenera Fuscospora (pollen type fusca a) and Nothofagus (pollen type fusca b) are related to the size of microspines (distinguishable or not in optical section), and the thickening of colpi margins (thickened inwards, or thickened both inwards and outwards). In particular, Nothofagus alessandrii, the only extant South American species of subgenus Fuscospora, presents distinctive pollen features that have not been observed in any other species of the genus (i.e. a large granular infratectum and spongy apertural endexine). Species of subgenus Lophozonia are characterized by having the largest pollen grains, with polygonal outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, long and non-thickened colpi, and a thin endexine. The reconstruction of character states for the node corresponding to the common ancestor to genus Nothofagus leads us to conclude that the ancestral form of Nothofagaceae should have had: equatorial diameter < 40 μm, circular outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, short colpi thickened inwards, and a thin endexine. These features are fully consistent with those present in Nothofagidites senectus Dettmann & Playford, the oldest fossil species of Nothofagaceae recorded in Campanian-Maastrichtian sediments of Gondwana.
format Articulo
Articulo
author Fernández, Damián Andrés
Santamarina, Patricio Emmanuel
Tellería, María Cristina
Palazzesi, Luis
Barreda, Viviana Dora
author_facet Fernández, Damián Andrés
Santamarina, Patricio Emmanuel
Tellería, María Cristina
Palazzesi, Luis
Barreda, Viviana Dora
author_sort Fernández, Damián Andrés
title Pollen morphology of <i>Nothofagus</i> (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance
title_short Pollen morphology of <i>Nothofagus</i> (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance
title_full Pollen morphology of <i>Nothofagus</i> (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance
title_fullStr Pollen morphology of <i>Nothofagus</i> (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance
title_full_unstemmed Pollen morphology of <i>Nothofagus</i> (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance
title_sort pollen morphology of <i>nothofagus</i> (nothofagaceae, fagales) and its phylogenetic significance
publishDate 2016
url http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/85806
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