Ancient DNA from the extinct South American giant glyptodont <i>Doedicurus</i> sp. (Xenarthra: Glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from Eocene armadillos

Glyptodonts were giant (some of them up to ~2400 kg), heavily armoured relatives of living armadillos, which became extinct during the Late Pleistocene/early Holocene alongside much of the South American megafauna. Although glyptodonts were an important component of Cenozoic South American faunas, t...

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Autores principales: Mitchell, Kieren J., Scanferla, Carlos Agustín, Soibelzon, Esteban, Bonini, Ricardo Adolfo, Ochoa, Javier, Cooper, Alan
Formato: Articulo
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: 2016
Materias:
Ciencias Naturales
Evolution
Macroevolution
Mammals
Systematics
Acceso en línea:http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/101557
https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/11336/48521
Aporte de:
SEDICI (UNLP) de Universidad Nacional de La Plata
id I19-R120-10915-101557
record_format dspace
institution Universidad Nacional de La Plata
institution_str I-19
repository_str R-120
collection SEDICI (UNLP)
language Inglés
topic Ciencias Naturales
Evolution
Macroevolution
Mammals
Systematics
spellingShingle Ciencias Naturales
Evolution
Macroevolution
Mammals
Systematics
Mitchell, Kieren J.
Scanferla, Carlos Agustín
Soibelzon, Esteban
Bonini, Ricardo Adolfo
Ochoa, Javier
Cooper, Alan
Ancient DNA from the extinct South American giant glyptodont <i>Doedicurus</i> sp. (Xenarthra: Glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from Eocene armadillos
topic_facet Ciencias Naturales
Evolution
Macroevolution
Mammals
Systematics
description Glyptodonts were giant (some of them up to ~2400 kg), heavily armoured relatives of living armadillos, which became extinct during the Late Pleistocene/early Holocene alongside much of the South American megafauna. Although glyptodonts were an important component of Cenozoic South American faunas, their early evolution and phylogenetic affinities within the order Cingulata (armoured New World placental mammals) remain controversial. In this study, we used hybridization enrichment and high‐throughput sequencing to obtain a partial mitochondrial genome from Doedicurus sp., the largest (1.5 m tall, and 4 m long) and one of the last surviving glyptodonts. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that glyptodonts fall within the diversity of living armadillos. Reanalysis of morphological data using a molecular ‘backbone constraint’ revealed several morphological characters that supported a close relationship between glyptodonts and the tiny extant fairy armadillos (Chlamyphorinae). This is surprising as these taxa are among the most derived cingulates: glyptodonts were generally large‐bodied and heavily armoured, while the fairy armadillos are tiny (~9–17 cm) and adapted for burrowing. Calibration of our phylogeny with the first appearance of glyptodonts in the Eocene resulted in a more precise timeline for xenarthran evolution. The osteological novelties of glyptodonts and their specialization for grazing appear to have evolved rapidly during the Late Eocene to Early Miocene, coincident with global temperature decreases and a shift from wet closed forest towards drier open woodland and grassland across much of South America. This environmental change may have driven the evolution of glyptodonts, culminating in the bizarre giant forms of the Pleistocene.
format Articulo
Articulo
author Mitchell, Kieren J.
Scanferla, Carlos Agustín
Soibelzon, Esteban
Bonini, Ricardo Adolfo
Ochoa, Javier
Cooper, Alan
author_facet Mitchell, Kieren J.
Scanferla, Carlos Agustín
Soibelzon, Esteban
Bonini, Ricardo Adolfo
Ochoa, Javier
Cooper, Alan
author_sort Mitchell, Kieren J.
title Ancient DNA from the extinct South American giant glyptodont <i>Doedicurus</i> sp. (Xenarthra: Glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from Eocene armadillos
title_short Ancient DNA from the extinct South American giant glyptodont <i>Doedicurus</i> sp. (Xenarthra: Glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from Eocene armadillos
title_full Ancient DNA from the extinct South American giant glyptodont <i>Doedicurus</i> sp. (Xenarthra: Glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from Eocene armadillos
title_fullStr Ancient DNA from the extinct South American giant glyptodont <i>Doedicurus</i> sp. (Xenarthra: Glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from Eocene armadillos
title_full_unstemmed Ancient DNA from the extinct South American giant glyptodont <i>Doedicurus</i> sp. (Xenarthra: Glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from Eocene armadillos
title_sort ancient dna from the extinct south american giant glyptodont <i>doedicurus</i> sp. (xenarthra: glyptodontidae) reveals that glyptodonts evolved from eocene armadillos
publishDate 2016
url http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/101557
https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/11336/48521
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