Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation
The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as human c...
Guardado en:
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | JOUR |
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_23752548_v2_n6_pe1501682_Metcalf |
| Aporte de: |
| id |
todo:paper_23752548_v2_n6_pe1501682_Metcalf |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
todo:paper_23752548_v2_n6_pe1501682_Metcalf2023-10-03T16:41:18Z Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation Metcalf, J.L. Turney, C. Barnett, R. Martin, F. Bray, S.C. Vilstrup, J.T. Orlando, L. Salas-Gismondi, R. Loponte, D. Medina, M. De Nigris, M. Civalero, T. Fernández, P.M. Gasco, A. Duran, V. Seymour, K.L. Otaola, C. Gil, A. Paunero, R. Prevosti, F.J. Bradshaw, C.J. Wheeler, J.C. Borrero, L. Austin, J.J. Cooper, A. Antarctic Cold Reversal climate extinction human occupation megafauna mitochondrial DNA PATAGONIA Pleistocene radiocarbon South America mitochondrial DNA animal bear bone camelid chemistry classification climate change DNA sequence Felidae genetics human human activities ice cover metabolism radiometric dating South America species extinction Animals Bone and Bones Camelidae Climate Change DNA, Mitochondrial Extinction, Biological Felidae Human Activities Humans Ice Cover Radiometric Dating Sequence Analysis, DNA South America Ursidae The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as human colonization took place over a narrow time frame (~15 to 14.6 ka) but during contrasting temperature trends across each continent. Unfortunately, limited data sets in South America have so far precluded detailed comparison. We analyze genetic and radiocarbon data from 89 and 71 Patagonian megafaunal bones, respectively, more than doubling the high-quality Pleistocene megafaunal radiocarbon data sets from the region. We identify a narrow megafaunal extinction phase 12,280 ± 110 years ago, some 1 to 3 thousand years after initial human presence in the area. Although humans arrived immediately prior to a cold phase, the Antarctic Cold Reversal stadial, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until the stadial finished and the subsequent warming phase commenced some 1 to 3 thousand years later. The increased resolution provided by the Patagonian material reveals that the sequence of climate and extinction events in North and South America were temporally inverted, but in both cases, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until human presence and climate warming coincided. Overall, metapopulation processes involving subpopulation connectivity on a continental scale appear to have been critical for megafaunal species survival of both climate change and human impacts. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_23752548_v2_n6_pe1501682_Metcalf |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Antarctic Cold Reversal climate extinction human occupation megafauna mitochondrial DNA PATAGONIA Pleistocene radiocarbon South America mitochondrial DNA animal bear bone camelid chemistry classification climate change DNA sequence Felidae genetics human human activities ice cover metabolism radiometric dating South America species extinction Animals Bone and Bones Camelidae Climate Change DNA, Mitochondrial Extinction, Biological Felidae Human Activities Humans Ice Cover Radiometric Dating Sequence Analysis, DNA South America Ursidae |
| spellingShingle |
Antarctic Cold Reversal climate extinction human occupation megafauna mitochondrial DNA PATAGONIA Pleistocene radiocarbon South America mitochondrial DNA animal bear bone camelid chemistry classification climate change DNA sequence Felidae genetics human human activities ice cover metabolism radiometric dating South America species extinction Animals Bone and Bones Camelidae Climate Change DNA, Mitochondrial Extinction, Biological Felidae Human Activities Humans Ice Cover Radiometric Dating Sequence Analysis, DNA South America Ursidae Metcalf, J.L. Turney, C. Barnett, R. Martin, F. Bray, S.C. Vilstrup, J.T. Orlando, L. Salas-Gismondi, R. Loponte, D. Medina, M. De Nigris, M. Civalero, T. Fernández, P.M. Gasco, A. Duran, V. Seymour, K.L. Otaola, C. Gil, A. Paunero, R. Prevosti, F.J. Bradshaw, C.J. Wheeler, J.C. Borrero, L. Austin, J.J. Cooper, A. Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
| topic_facet |
Antarctic Cold Reversal climate extinction human occupation megafauna mitochondrial DNA PATAGONIA Pleistocene radiocarbon South America mitochondrial DNA animal bear bone camelid chemistry classification climate change DNA sequence Felidae genetics human human activities ice cover metabolism radiometric dating South America species extinction Animals Bone and Bones Camelidae Climate Change DNA, Mitochondrial Extinction, Biological Felidae Human Activities Humans Ice Cover Radiometric Dating Sequence Analysis, DNA South America Ursidae |
| description |
The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as human colonization took place over a narrow time frame (~15 to 14.6 ka) but during contrasting temperature trends across each continent. Unfortunately, limited data sets in South America have so far precluded detailed comparison. We analyze genetic and radiocarbon data from 89 and 71 Patagonian megafaunal bones, respectively, more than doubling the high-quality Pleistocene megafaunal radiocarbon data sets from the region. We identify a narrow megafaunal extinction phase 12,280 ± 110 years ago, some 1 to 3 thousand years after initial human presence in the area. Although humans arrived immediately prior to a cold phase, the Antarctic Cold Reversal stadial, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until the stadial finished and the subsequent warming phase commenced some 1 to 3 thousand years later. The increased resolution provided by the Patagonian material reveals that the sequence of climate and extinction events in North and South America were temporally inverted, but in both cases, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until human presence and climate warming coincided. Overall, metapopulation processes involving subpopulation connectivity on a continental scale appear to have been critical for megafaunal species survival of both climate change and human impacts. |
| format |
JOUR |
| author |
Metcalf, J.L. Turney, C. Barnett, R. Martin, F. Bray, S.C. Vilstrup, J.T. Orlando, L. Salas-Gismondi, R. Loponte, D. Medina, M. De Nigris, M. Civalero, T. Fernández, P.M. Gasco, A. Duran, V. Seymour, K.L. Otaola, C. Gil, A. Paunero, R. Prevosti, F.J. Bradshaw, C.J. Wheeler, J.C. Borrero, L. Austin, J.J. Cooper, A. |
| author_facet |
Metcalf, J.L. Turney, C. Barnett, R. Martin, F. Bray, S.C. Vilstrup, J.T. Orlando, L. Salas-Gismondi, R. Loponte, D. Medina, M. De Nigris, M. Civalero, T. Fernández, P.M. Gasco, A. Duran, V. Seymour, K.L. Otaola, C. Gil, A. Paunero, R. Prevosti, F.J. Bradshaw, C.J. Wheeler, J.C. Borrero, L. Austin, J.J. Cooper, A. |
| author_sort |
Metcalf, J.L. |
| title |
Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
| title_short |
Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
| title_full |
Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
| title_fullStr |
Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
| title_sort |
synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the last deglaciation |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_23752548_v2_n6_pe1501682_Metcalf |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT metcalfjl synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT turneyc synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT barnettr synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT martinf synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT braysc synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT vilstrupjt synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT orlandol synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT salasgismondir synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT loponted synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT medinam synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT denigrism synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT civalerot synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT fernandezpm synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT gascoa synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT duranv synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT seymourkl synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT otaolac synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT gila synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT pauneror synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT prevostifj synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT bradshawcj synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT wheelerjc synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT borrerol synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT austinjj synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation AT coopera synergisticrolesofclimatewarmingandhumanoccupationinpatagonianmegafaunalextinctionsduringthelastdeglaciation |
| _version_ |
1782027734321463296 |