Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system

This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in three regions of the reticu-lar activating system (RAS) exhibit gamma b activity, describes the mechanisms behind such manifestation. Specifically, we discuss how cells in the mesopontine peduncu-lopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafa...

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Autores principales:	Urbano, F.J., Kezunovic, N., Hyde, J., Simon, C., Beck, P., Garcia-Rill, E.
Formato:	JOUR
Materias:	Arousal Calcium channels Gamma b Subthreshold oscillations
Acceso en línea:	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano
Aporte de:	Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires

id	todo:paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano
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spelling	todo:paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano2023-10-03T16:29:04Z Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system Urbano, F.J. Kezunovic, N. Hyde, J. Simon, C. Beck, P. Garcia-Rill, E. Arousal Calcium channels Gamma b Subthreshold oscillations This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in three regions of the reticu-lar activating system (RAS) exhibit gamma b activity, describes the mechanisms behind such manifestation. Specifically, we discuss how cells in the mesopontine peduncu-lopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD) all fire in the beta/gamma b range when maximally activated, but no higher.The mechanisms behind this ceiling effect have been recently elucidated.We describe recent findings showing that every cell in the PPN have high-threshold, voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channels that are essential, while N-type calcium channels are permissive, to gamma b activity. Every cell in the Pf also showed that P/Q-type N-type calcium channels are responsible for this activity. On the other h, every SubCD cell exhibited sodium-dependent subthreshold oscillations. A novel mechanism for sleep-wake control based on well-known transmitter interactions, electrical coupling, gamma b activity is described. The data presented here on inherent gamma b activity demonstrates the global nature of sleep-wake oscillation that is orchestrated by brainstem-thalamic mechanism, questions the undue importance given to the hypo-thalamus for regulation of sleep-wakefulness.The discovery of gamma b activity in the RAS follows recent reports of such activity in other subcortical regions like the hippocam-pus cerebellum. We hypothesize that, rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as seen in the cortex, gamma b activity manifested in the RAS may help stabilize coherence related to arousal, providing a stable activation state during wak-ing paradoxical sleep. Most of our thoughts actions are driven by pre-conscious processes. We speculate that continuous sensory input will induce gamma b activity in the RAS that could participate in the processes of pre-conscious awareness, provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions.Copyright © 2012 Urbano, Kezunovic, Hyde, Simon, Beck Garcia-Rill. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano
institution	Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str	I-28
repository_str	R-134
collection	Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA)
topic	Arousal Calcium channels Gamma b Subthreshold oscillations
spellingShingle	Arousal Calcium channels Gamma b Subthreshold oscillations Urbano, F.J. Kezunovic, N. Hyde, J. Simon, C. Beck, P. Garcia-Rill, E. Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
topic_facet	Arousal Calcium channels Gamma b Subthreshold oscillations
description	This review considers recent evidence showing that cells in three regions of the reticu-lar activating system (RAS) exhibit gamma b activity, describes the mechanisms behind such manifestation. Specifically, we discuss how cells in the mesopontine peduncu-lopontine nucleus (PPN), intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD) all fire in the beta/gamma b range when maximally activated, but no higher.The mechanisms behind this ceiling effect have been recently elucidated.We describe recent findings showing that every cell in the PPN have high-threshold, voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channels that are essential, while N-type calcium channels are permissive, to gamma b activity. Every cell in the Pf also showed that P/Q-type N-type calcium channels are responsible for this activity. On the other h, every SubCD cell exhibited sodium-dependent subthreshold oscillations. A novel mechanism for sleep-wake control based on well-known transmitter interactions, electrical coupling, gamma b activity is described. The data presented here on inherent gamma b activity demonstrates the global nature of sleep-wake oscillation that is orchestrated by brainstem-thalamic mechanism, questions the undue importance given to the hypo-thalamus for regulation of sleep-wakefulness.The discovery of gamma b activity in the RAS follows recent reports of such activity in other subcortical regions like the hippocam-pus cerebellum. We hypothesize that, rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as seen in the cortex, gamma b activity manifested in the RAS may help stabilize coherence related to arousal, providing a stable activation state during wak-ing paradoxical sleep. Most of our thoughts actions are driven by pre-conscious processes. We speculate that continuous sensory input will induce gamma b activity in the RAS that could participate in the processes of pre-conscious awareness, provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions.Copyright © 2012 Urbano, Kezunovic, Hyde, Simon, Beck Garcia-Rill.
format	JOUR
author	Urbano, F.J. Kezunovic, N. Hyde, J. Simon, C. Beck, P. Garcia-Rill, E.
author_facet	Urbano, F.J. Kezunovic, N. Hyde, J. Simon, C. Beck, P. Garcia-Rill, E.
author_sort	Urbano, F.J.
title	Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_short	Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_full	Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_fullStr	Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_full_unstemmed	Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
title_sort	gamma band activity in the reticular activating system
url	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_16642295_vJAN_n_p_Urbano
work_keys_str_mv	AT urbanofj gammabandactivityinthereticularactivatingsystem AT kezunovicn gammabandactivityinthereticularactivatingsystem AT hydej gammabandactivityinthereticularactivatingsystem AT simonc gammabandactivityinthereticularactivatingsystem AT beckp gammabandactivityinthereticularactivatingsystem AT garciarille gammabandactivityinthereticularactivatingsystem
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Gamma band activity in the reticular activating system

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