Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning
Classical (trace) conditioning is a specific variant of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus leads to the subsequent prediction of an emotionally charged or noxious stimulus after a temporal gap. When conditioning is concurrent with a distraction task, only participants who can report th...
Guardado en:
| Autores principales: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | JOUR |
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_16641078_v2_nDEC_p_Bekinschtein |
| Aporte de: |
| id |
todo:paper_16641078_v2_nDEC_p_Bekinschtein |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
todo:paper_16641078_v2_nDEC_p_Bekinschtein2023-10-03T16:28:59Z Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning Bekinschtein, T.A. Peeters, M. Shalom, D. Sigman, M. Aplysia Consciousness Learning Subliminal Trace conditioning Vegetative state Classical (trace) conditioning is a specific variant of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus leads to the subsequent prediction of an emotionally charged or noxious stimulus after a temporal gap. When conditioning is concurrent with a distraction task, only participants who can report the relationship (the contingency) between stimuli explicitly show associative learning. This suggests that consciousness is a prerequisite for trace conditioning. We review and question three main controversies concerning this view. Firstly, virtually all animals, even invertebrate sea slugs, show this type of learning; secondly, unconsciously perceived stimuli may elicit trace conditioning; and thirdly, some vegetative state patients show trace learning. We discuss and analyze these seemingly contradictory arguments to find the theoretical boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning. We conclude that trace conditioning remains one of the best measures to test conscious processing in the absence of explicit reports. © 2011 Bekinschtein, Peeters, Shalom and Sigman. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_16641078_v2_nDEC_p_Bekinschtein |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Aplysia Consciousness Learning Subliminal Trace conditioning Vegetative state |
| spellingShingle |
Aplysia Consciousness Learning Subliminal Trace conditioning Vegetative state Bekinschtein, T.A. Peeters, M. Shalom, D. Sigman, M. Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning |
| topic_facet |
Aplysia Consciousness Learning Subliminal Trace conditioning Vegetative state |
| description |
Classical (trace) conditioning is a specific variant of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus leads to the subsequent prediction of an emotionally charged or noxious stimulus after a temporal gap. When conditioning is concurrent with a distraction task, only participants who can report the relationship (the contingency) between stimuli explicitly show associative learning. This suggests that consciousness is a prerequisite for trace conditioning. We review and question three main controversies concerning this view. Firstly, virtually all animals, even invertebrate sea slugs, show this type of learning; secondly, unconsciously perceived stimuli may elicit trace conditioning; and thirdly, some vegetative state patients show trace learning. We discuss and analyze these seemingly contradictory arguments to find the theoretical boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning. We conclude that trace conditioning remains one of the best measures to test conscious processing in the absence of explicit reports. © 2011 Bekinschtein, Peeters, Shalom and Sigman. |
| format |
JOUR |
| author |
Bekinschtein, T.A. Peeters, M. Shalom, D. Sigman, M. |
| author_facet |
Bekinschtein, T.A. Peeters, M. Shalom, D. Sigman, M. |
| author_sort |
Bekinschtein, T.A. |
| title |
Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning |
| title_short |
Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning |
| title_full |
Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning |
| title_fullStr |
Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: Boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning |
| title_sort |
sea slugs, subliminal pictures, and vegetative state patients: boundaries of consciousness in classical conditioning |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_16641078_v2_nDEC_p_Bekinschtein |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT bekinschteinta seaslugssubliminalpicturesandvegetativestatepatientsboundariesofconsciousnessinclassicalconditioning AT peetersm seaslugssubliminalpicturesandvegetativestatepatientsboundariesofconsciousnessinclassicalconditioning AT shalomd seaslugssubliminalpicturesandvegetativestatepatientsboundariesofconsciousnessinclassicalconditioning AT sigmanm seaslugssubliminalpicturesandvegetativestatepatientsboundariesofconsciousnessinclassicalconditioning |
| _version_ |
1807320606019944448 |