Virtuous colours for Mary. Identification of lapis lazuli, smalt and cochineal in the Andean colonial image of Our Lady of Copacabana (Bolivia)
The image of Our Lady of Copacabana, a gilded polychrome sculpture carved in maguey wood in 1583, is one of the most important devotions in the Americas. In former research, we have identified the use of gypsum, Armenian bole, cerussite and atacamite in its polychromy. In this study, a red sample ta...
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todo:paper_1364503X_v374_n2082_p_Tomasini2023-10-03T16:10:58Z Virtuous colours for Mary. Identification of lapis lazuli, smalt and cochineal in the Andean colonial image of Our Lady of Copacabana (Bolivia) Tomasini, E.P. Marte, F. Careaga, V.P. Landa, C.R. Siracusano, G. Maier, M.S. Carminic acid Colonial art Lapis lazuli Lazurite Polychrome sculpture Smalt Energy dispersive spectroscopy High performance liquid chromatography Liquid chromatography Raman spectroscopy Scanning electron microscopy Silicate minerals Carminic acid Colonial art Lapis lazulis Lazurite Polychrome sculpture Smalt Spectrum analysis The image of Our Lady of Copacabana, a gilded polychrome sculpture carved in maguey wood in 1583, is one of the most important devotions in the Americas. In former research, we have identified the use of gypsum, Armenian bole, cerussite and atacamite in its polychromy. In this study, a red sample taken from the Virgin's tunic and a blue sample extracted from the cloak have been analysed with the aim to identify both pigments and offer insights into the painting technique. Analysis by micro-Raman spectroscopy complemented with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography allowed the identification of carmine lake in the red sample. Analysis by micro-Raman spectroscopy of the surface of the blue sample and its cross section showed the presence of smalt-The blue-glass pigment-over a cerussite layer, bathed by a very thin ultramarine layer-from a probable native origin-following a pictorial tradition that would last even until the eighteenth century. This is the first time that lapis lazuli has been scientifically identified in a Spanish American colonial painted layer. This article is part of the themed issue 'Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology'. © 2016 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Fil:Tomasini, E.P. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Careaga, V.P. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Maier, M.S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_1364503X_v374_n2082_p_Tomasini |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Carminic acid Colonial art Lapis lazuli Lazurite Polychrome sculpture Smalt Energy dispersive spectroscopy High performance liquid chromatography Liquid chromatography Raman spectroscopy Scanning electron microscopy Silicate minerals Carminic acid Colonial art Lapis lazulis Lazurite Polychrome sculpture Smalt Spectrum analysis |
| spellingShingle |
Carminic acid Colonial art Lapis lazuli Lazurite Polychrome sculpture Smalt Energy dispersive spectroscopy High performance liquid chromatography Liquid chromatography Raman spectroscopy Scanning electron microscopy Silicate minerals Carminic acid Colonial art Lapis lazulis Lazurite Polychrome sculpture Smalt Spectrum analysis Tomasini, E.P. Marte, F. Careaga, V.P. Landa, C.R. Siracusano, G. Maier, M.S. Virtuous colours for Mary. Identification of lapis lazuli, smalt and cochineal in the Andean colonial image of Our Lady of Copacabana (Bolivia) |
| topic_facet |
Carminic acid Colonial art Lapis lazuli Lazurite Polychrome sculpture Smalt Energy dispersive spectroscopy High performance liquid chromatography Liquid chromatography Raman spectroscopy Scanning electron microscopy Silicate minerals Carminic acid Colonial art Lapis lazulis Lazurite Polychrome sculpture Smalt Spectrum analysis |
| description |
The image of Our Lady of Copacabana, a gilded polychrome sculpture carved in maguey wood in 1583, is one of the most important devotions in the Americas. In former research, we have identified the use of gypsum, Armenian bole, cerussite and atacamite in its polychromy. In this study, a red sample taken from the Virgin's tunic and a blue sample extracted from the cloak have been analysed with the aim to identify both pigments and offer insights into the painting technique. Analysis by micro-Raman spectroscopy complemented with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography allowed the identification of carmine lake in the red sample. Analysis by micro-Raman spectroscopy of the surface of the blue sample and its cross section showed the presence of smalt-The blue-glass pigment-over a cerussite layer, bathed by a very thin ultramarine layer-from a probable native origin-following a pictorial tradition that would last even until the eighteenth century. This is the first time that lapis lazuli has been scientifically identified in a Spanish American colonial painted layer. This article is part of the themed issue 'Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology'. © 2016 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. |
| format |
JOUR |
| author |
Tomasini, E.P. Marte, F. Careaga, V.P. Landa, C.R. Siracusano, G. Maier, M.S. |
| author_facet |
Tomasini, E.P. Marte, F. Careaga, V.P. Landa, C.R. Siracusano, G. Maier, M.S. |
| author_sort |
Tomasini, E.P. |
| title |
Virtuous colours for Mary. Identification of lapis lazuli, smalt and cochineal in the Andean colonial image of Our Lady of Copacabana (Bolivia) |
| title_short |
Virtuous colours for Mary. Identification of lapis lazuli, smalt and cochineal in the Andean colonial image of Our Lady of Copacabana (Bolivia) |
| title_full |
Virtuous colours for Mary. Identification of lapis lazuli, smalt and cochineal in the Andean colonial image of Our Lady of Copacabana (Bolivia) |
| title_fullStr |
Virtuous colours for Mary. Identification of lapis lazuli, smalt and cochineal in the Andean colonial image of Our Lady of Copacabana (Bolivia) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Virtuous colours for Mary. Identification of lapis lazuli, smalt and cochineal in the Andean colonial image of Our Lady of Copacabana (Bolivia) |
| title_sort |
virtuous colours for mary. identification of lapis lazuli, smalt and cochineal in the andean colonial image of our lady of copacabana (bolivia) |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_1364503X_v374_n2082_p_Tomasini |
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