The degree of enhancer or promoter activity is reflected by the levels and directionality of eRNA transcription
Gene expression is regulated by promoters, which initiate transcription, and enhancers, which control their temporal and spatial activity. However, the discovery that mammalian enhancers also initiate transcription questions the inherent differences between enhancers and promoters. Here, we investig...
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todo:paper_08909369_v32_n1_p42_Mikhaylichenko2023-10-03T15:41:16Z The degree of enhancer or promoter activity is reflected by the levels and directionality of eRNA transcription Mikhaylichenko, O. Bondarenko, V. Harnett, D. Schor, I.E. Males, M. Viales, R.R. Furlong, E.E.M. Developmental enhancers Embryonic development] ERNA NcRNA Promoters Spatio Temporal expression untranslated RNA untranslated RNA animal tissue Article controlled study Drosophila embryo embryo development enhancer region nonhuman priority journal promoter region RNA transcription spatiotemporal analysis animal biosynthesis embryo development embryology gene expression regulation genetic transcription genetics human K-562 cell line Animals Drosophila Embryonic Development Enhancer Elements, Genetic Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Humans K562 Cells Promoter Regions, Genetic RNA, Untranslated Transcription, Genetic Gene expression is regulated by promoters, which initiate transcription, and enhancers, which control their temporal and spatial activity. However, the discovery that mammalian enhancers also initiate transcription questions the inherent differences between enhancers and promoters. Here, we investigate the transcriptional properties of enhancers during Drosophila embryogenesis using characterized developmental enhancers. We show that while the timing of enhancer transcription is generally correlated with enhancer activity, the levels and directionality of transcription are highly varied among active enhancers. To assess how this impacts function, we developed a dual transgenic assay to simultaneously measure enhancer and promoter activities from a single element in the same embryo. Extensive transgenic analysis revealed a relationship between the direction of endogenous transcription and the ability to function as an enhancer or promoter in vivo, although enhancer RNA (eRNA) production and activity are not always strictly coupled. Some enhancers (mainly bidirectional) can act as weak promoters, producing overlapping spatio–temporal expression. Conversely, bidirectional promoters often act as strong enhancers, while unidirectional promoters generally cannot. The balance between enhancer and promoter activity is generally reflected in the levels and directionality of eRNA transcription and is likely an inherent sequence property of the elements themselves. © 2018, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_08909369_v32_n1_p42_Mikhaylichenko |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Developmental enhancers Embryonic development] ERNA NcRNA Promoters Spatio Temporal expression untranslated RNA untranslated RNA animal tissue Article controlled study Drosophila embryo embryo development enhancer region nonhuman priority journal promoter region RNA transcription spatiotemporal analysis animal biosynthesis embryo development embryology gene expression regulation genetic transcription genetics human K-562 cell line Animals Drosophila Embryonic Development Enhancer Elements, Genetic Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Humans K562 Cells Promoter Regions, Genetic RNA, Untranslated Transcription, Genetic |
| spellingShingle |
Developmental enhancers Embryonic development] ERNA NcRNA Promoters Spatio Temporal expression untranslated RNA untranslated RNA animal tissue Article controlled study Drosophila embryo embryo development enhancer region nonhuman priority journal promoter region RNA transcription spatiotemporal analysis animal biosynthesis embryo development embryology gene expression regulation genetic transcription genetics human K-562 cell line Animals Drosophila Embryonic Development Enhancer Elements, Genetic Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Humans K562 Cells Promoter Regions, Genetic RNA, Untranslated Transcription, Genetic Mikhaylichenko, O. Bondarenko, V. Harnett, D. Schor, I.E. Males, M. Viales, R.R. Furlong, E.E.M. The degree of enhancer or promoter activity is reflected by the levels and directionality of eRNA transcription |
| topic_facet |
Developmental enhancers Embryonic development] ERNA NcRNA Promoters Spatio Temporal expression untranslated RNA untranslated RNA animal tissue Article controlled study Drosophila embryo embryo development enhancer region nonhuman priority journal promoter region RNA transcription spatiotemporal analysis animal biosynthesis embryo development embryology gene expression regulation genetic transcription genetics human K-562 cell line Animals Drosophila Embryonic Development Enhancer Elements, Genetic Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Humans K562 Cells Promoter Regions, Genetic RNA, Untranslated Transcription, Genetic |
| description |
Gene expression is regulated by promoters, which initiate transcription, and enhancers, which control their temporal and spatial activity. However, the discovery that mammalian enhancers also initiate transcription questions the inherent differences between enhancers and promoters. Here, we investigate the transcriptional properties of enhancers during Drosophila embryogenesis using characterized developmental enhancers. We show that while the timing of enhancer transcription is generally correlated with enhancer activity, the levels and directionality of transcription are highly varied among active enhancers. To assess how this impacts function, we developed a dual transgenic assay to simultaneously measure enhancer and promoter activities from a single element in the same embryo. Extensive transgenic analysis revealed a relationship between the direction of endogenous transcription and the ability to function as an enhancer or promoter in vivo, although enhancer RNA (eRNA) production and activity are not always strictly coupled. Some enhancers (mainly bidirectional) can act as weak promoters, producing overlapping spatio–temporal expression. Conversely, bidirectional promoters often act as strong enhancers, while unidirectional promoters generally cannot. The balance between enhancer and promoter activity is generally reflected in the levels and directionality of eRNA transcription and is likely an inherent sequence property of the elements themselves. © 2018, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved. |
| format |
JOUR |
| author |
Mikhaylichenko, O. Bondarenko, V. Harnett, D. Schor, I.E. Males, M. Viales, R.R. Furlong, E.E.M. |
| author_facet |
Mikhaylichenko, O. Bondarenko, V. Harnett, D. Schor, I.E. Males, M. Viales, R.R. Furlong, E.E.M. |
| author_sort |
Mikhaylichenko, O. |
| title |
The degree of enhancer or promoter activity is reflected by the levels and directionality of eRNA transcription |
| title_short |
The degree of enhancer or promoter activity is reflected by the levels and directionality of eRNA transcription |
| title_full |
The degree of enhancer or promoter activity is reflected by the levels and directionality of eRNA transcription |
| title_fullStr |
The degree of enhancer or promoter activity is reflected by the levels and directionality of eRNA transcription |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The degree of enhancer or promoter activity is reflected by the levels and directionality of eRNA transcription |
| title_sort |
degree of enhancer or promoter activity is reflected by the levels and directionality of erna transcription |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_08909369_v32_n1_p42_Mikhaylichenko |
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