Evolution of non-LTR retrotransposons in the trypanosomatid genomes: Leishmania major has lost the active elements

The ingi and L1Tc non-LTR retrotransposons - which constitute the ingi clade - are abundant in the genome of the trypanosomatid species Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively. The corresponding retroelements, however, are not present in the genome of a closely related trypanosomatid,...

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Autores principales:	Bringaud, F., Ghedin, E., Blandin, G., Bartholomeu, D.C., Caler, E., Levin, M.J., Baltz, T., El-Sayed, N.M.
Formato:	JOUR
Materias:	Degenerate retroelement Evolution Ingi L1Tc Leishmania major Non-LTR retrotransposon Retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi article controlled study genome molecular evolution nonhuman nucleotide sequence phylogeny priority journal retroposon Trypanosoma Trypanosomatidae
Acceso en línea:	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_01666851_v145_n2_p158_Bringaud
Aporte de:	Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires

id	todo:paper_01666851_v145_n2_p158_Bringaud
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spelling	todo:paper_01666851_v145_n2_p158_Bringaud2023-10-03T15:04:12Z Evolution of non-LTR retrotransposons in the trypanosomatid genomes: Leishmania major has lost the active elements Bringaud, F. Ghedin, E. Blandin, G. Bartholomeu, D.C. Caler, E. Levin, M.J. Baltz, T. El-Sayed, N.M. Degenerate retroelement Evolution Ingi L1Tc Leishmania major Non-LTR retrotransposon Retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi article controlled study genome Leishmania major molecular evolution nonhuman nucleotide sequence phylogeny priority journal retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania major Trypanosoma Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosomatidae The ingi and L1Tc non-LTR retrotransposons - which constitute the ingi clade - are abundant in the genome of the trypanosomatid species Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively. The corresponding retroelements, however, are not present in the genome of a closely related trypanosomatid, Leishmania major. To study the evolution of non-LTR retrotransposons in trypanosomatids, we have analyzed all ingi/L1Tc elements and highly degenerate ingi/L1Tc-related sequences identified in the recently completed T. brucei, T. cruzi and L. major genomes. The coding sequences of 242 degenerate ingi/L1Tc-related elements (DIREs) in all three genomes were reconstituted by removing the numerous frame shifts. Three independent phylogenetic analyses conducted on the conserved domains encoded by these elements show that all DIREs, including the 52 L. major DIREs, form a monophyletic group belonging to the ingi clade. This indicates that the trypanosomatid ancestor contained active mobile elements that have been retained in the Trypanosoma species, but were lost from L. major genome, where only remnants (DIRE) are detectable. All 242 DIREs analyzed group together according to their species origin with the exception of 11 T. cruzi DIREs which are close to the T. brucei ingi/DIRE families. Considering the absence of known horizontal transfer between the African T. brucei and the South-American T. cruzi, this suggests that this group of elements evolved at a lower rate when compared to the other trypanosomatid elements. Interestingly, the only nucleotide sequence conserved between ingi and L1Tc (the first 79 residues) is also present at the 5′-extremity of all the full length DIREs and suggests a possible role for this conserved motif, as well as for DIREs. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_01666851_v145_n2_p158_Bringaud
institution	Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str	I-28
repository_str	R-134
collection	Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA)
topic	Degenerate retroelement Evolution Ingi L1Tc Leishmania major Non-LTR retrotransposon Retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi article controlled study genome Leishmania major molecular evolution nonhuman nucleotide sequence phylogeny priority journal retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania major Trypanosoma Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosomatidae
spellingShingle	Degenerate retroelement Evolution Ingi L1Tc Leishmania major Non-LTR retrotransposon Retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi article controlled study genome Leishmania major molecular evolution nonhuman nucleotide sequence phylogeny priority journal retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania major Trypanosoma Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosomatidae Bringaud, F. Ghedin, E. Blandin, G. Bartholomeu, D.C. Caler, E. Levin, M.J. Baltz, T. El-Sayed, N.M. Evolution of non-LTR retrotransposons in the trypanosomatid genomes: Leishmania major has lost the active elements
topic_facet	Degenerate retroelement Evolution Ingi L1Tc Leishmania major Non-LTR retrotransposon Retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi article controlled study genome Leishmania major molecular evolution nonhuman nucleotide sequence phylogeny priority journal retroposon Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania major Trypanosoma Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosomatidae
description	The ingi and L1Tc non-LTR retrotransposons - which constitute the ingi clade - are abundant in the genome of the trypanosomatid species Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively. The corresponding retroelements, however, are not present in the genome of a closely related trypanosomatid, Leishmania major. To study the evolution of non-LTR retrotransposons in trypanosomatids, we have analyzed all ingi/L1Tc elements and highly degenerate ingi/L1Tc-related sequences identified in the recently completed T. brucei, T. cruzi and L. major genomes. The coding sequences of 242 degenerate ingi/L1Tc-related elements (DIREs) in all three genomes were reconstituted by removing the numerous frame shifts. Three independent phylogenetic analyses conducted on the conserved domains encoded by these elements show that all DIREs, including the 52 L. major DIREs, form a monophyletic group belonging to the ingi clade. This indicates that the trypanosomatid ancestor contained active mobile elements that have been retained in the Trypanosoma species, but were lost from L. major genome, where only remnants (DIRE) are detectable. All 242 DIREs analyzed group together according to their species origin with the exception of 11 T. cruzi DIREs which are close to the T. brucei ingi/DIRE families. Considering the absence of known horizontal transfer between the African T. brucei and the South-American T. cruzi, this suggests that this group of elements evolved at a lower rate when compared to the other trypanosomatid elements. Interestingly, the only nucleotide sequence conserved between ingi and L1Tc (the first 79 residues) is also present at the 5′-extremity of all the full length DIREs and suggests a possible role for this conserved motif, as well as for DIREs. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
format	JOUR
author	Bringaud, F. Ghedin, E. Blandin, G. Bartholomeu, D.C. Caler, E. Levin, M.J. Baltz, T. El-Sayed, N.M.
author_facet	Bringaud, F. Ghedin, E. Blandin, G. Bartholomeu, D.C. Caler, E. Levin, M.J. Baltz, T. El-Sayed, N.M.
author_sort	Bringaud, F.
title	Evolution of non-LTR retrotransposons in the trypanosomatid genomes: Leishmania major has lost the active elements
title_short	Evolution of non-LTR retrotransposons in the trypanosomatid genomes: Leishmania major has lost the active elements
title_full	Evolution of non-LTR retrotransposons in the trypanosomatid genomes: Leishmania major has lost the active elements
title_fullStr	Evolution of non-LTR retrotransposons in the trypanosomatid genomes: Leishmania major has lost the active elements
title_full_unstemmed	Evolution of non-LTR retrotransposons in the trypanosomatid genomes: Leishmania major has lost the active elements
title_sort	evolution of non-ltr retrotransposons in the trypanosomatid genomes: leishmania major has lost the active elements
url	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_01666851_v145_n2_p158_Bringaud
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Evolution of non-LTR retrotransposons in the trypanosomatid genomes: Leishmania major has lost the active elements

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