Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87

M87 is a nearby radio galaxy that is detected at energies ranging from radio to very high energy (VHE) gamma rays. Its proximity and its jet, misaligned from our line of sight, enable detailed morphological studies and extensive modeling at radio, optical, and X-ray energies. Flaring activity was ob...

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Autores principales: Acciari, V.A., Aliu, E., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S.M., Buckley, J.H., Bugaev, V., Byrum, K., Cannon, A., Cesarini, A., Chow, Y.C., Ciupik, L., Cogan, P., Cui, W., Dickherber, R., Duke, C., Finley, J.P., Finnegan, G., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gall, D., Gillanders, G.H., Godambe, S., Grube, J., Guenette, R., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hui, C.M., Humensky, T.B., Imran, A., Kaaret, P., Karlsson, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Konopelko, A., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Lang, M.J., Lebohec, S., Maier, G., McArthur, S., McCann, A., McCutcheon, M., Millis, J., Moriarty, P., Ong, R.A., Otte, A.N., Pandel, D., Perkins, J.S., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reyes, L.C., Reynolds, P.T., Roache, E., Rose, H.J., Rovero, A.C., Schroedter, M., Sembroski, G.H., Senturk, G.D., Smith, A.W., Steele, D., Swordy, S.P., Theiling, M., Thibadeau, S., Varlotta, A., Vincent, S., Wagner, R.G., Wakely, S.P., Ward, J.E., Weekes, T.C., Weinstein, A., Weisgarber, T., Williams, D.A., Wissel, S., Wood, M., Zitzer, B., Harris, D.E., Massaro, F.
Formato: JOUR
Materias:
Gamma rays: galaxies
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_0004637X_v716_n1_p819_Acciari
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Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires
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spelling todo:paper_0004637X_v716_n1_p819_Acciari2023-10-03T14:02:12Z Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87 Acciari, V.A. Aliu, E. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Boltuch, D. Bradbury, S.M. Buckley, J.H. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cannon, A. Cesarini, A. Chow, Y.C. Ciupik, L. Cogan, P. Cui, W. Dickherber, R. Duke, C. Finley, J.P. Finnegan, G. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gall, D. Gillanders, G.H. Godambe, S. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hui, C.M. Humensky, T.B. Imran, A. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M.J. Lebohec, S. Maier, G. McArthur, S. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Ong, R.A. Otte, A.N. Pandel, D. Perkins, J.S. Pichel, A. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reyes, L.C. Reynolds, P.T. Roache, E. Rose, H.J. Rovero, A.C. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G.H. Senturk, G.D. Smith, A.W. Steele, D. Swordy, S.P. Theiling, M. Thibadeau, S. Varlotta, A. Vincent, S. Wagner, R.G. Wakely, S.P. Ward, J.E. Weekes, T.C. Weinstein, A. Weisgarber, T. Williams, D.A. Wissel, S. Wood, M. Zitzer, B. Harris, D.E. Massaro, F. Gamma rays: galaxies M87 is a nearby radio galaxy that is detected at energies ranging from radio to very high energy (VHE) gamma rays. Its proximity and its jet, misaligned from our line of sight, enable detailed morphological studies and extensive modeling at radio, optical, and X-ray energies. Flaring activity was observed at all energies, and multi-wavelength correlations would help clarify the origin of the VHE emission. In this paper, we describe a detailed temporal and spectral analysis of the VERITAS VHE gamma-ray observations of M87 in 2008 and 2009. In the 2008 observing season, VERITAS detected an excess with a statistical significance of 7.2 standard deviations (σ) from M87 during a joint multi-wavelength monitoring campaign conducted by three major VHE experiments along with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. In 2008 February, VERITAS observed a VHE flare from M87 occurring over a 4 day timespan. The peak nightly flux above 250GeV was (1.14 0.26) × 10 -11 cm -2 s -1 , which corresponded to 7.7% of the Crab Nebula flux. M87 was marginally detected before this 4 day flare period, and was not detected afterward. Spectral analysis of the VERITAS observations showed no significant change in the photon index between the flare and pre-flare states. Shortly after the VHE flare seen by VERITAS, the Chandra X-ray Observatory detected the flux from the core of M87 at a historical maximum, while the flux from the nearby knot HST-1 remained quiescent. Acciari etal. presented the 2008 contemporaneous VHE gamma-ray, Chandra X-ray, and Very Long Baseline Array radio observations which suggest the core as the most likely source of VHE emission, in contrast to the 2005 VHE flare that was simultaneous with an X-ray flare in the HST-1 knot. In 2009, VERITAS continued its monitoring of M87 and marginally detected a 4.2σ excess corresponding to a flux of 1% of the Crab Nebula. No VHE flaring activity was observed in 2009. © 2010. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. JOUR info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_0004637X_v716_n1_p819_Acciari
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-134
collection Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA)
topic Gamma rays: galaxies
spellingShingle Gamma rays: galaxies
Acciari, V.A.
Aliu, E.
Arlen, T.
Aune, T.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Boltuch, D.
Bradbury, S.M.
Buckley, J.H.
Bugaev, V.
Byrum, K.
Cannon, A.
Cesarini, A.
Chow, Y.C.
Ciupik, L.
Cogan, P.
Cui, W.
Dickherber, R.
Duke, C.
Finley, J.P.
Finnegan, G.
Fortin, P.
Fortson, L.
Furniss, A.
Galante, N.
Gall, D.
Gillanders, G.H.
Godambe, S.
Grube, J.
Guenette, R.
Gyuk, G.
Hanna, D.
Holder, J.
Hui, C.M.
Humensky, T.B.
Imran, A.
Kaaret, P.
Karlsson, N.
Kertzman, M.
Kieda, D.
Konopelko, A.
Krawczynski, H.
Krennrich, F.
Lang, M.J.
Lebohec, S.
Maier, G.
McArthur, S.
McCann, A.
McCutcheon, M.
Millis, J.
Moriarty, P.
Ong, R.A.
Otte, A.N.
Pandel, D.
Perkins, J.S.
Pichel, A.
Pohl, M.
Quinn, J.
Ragan, K.
Reyes, L.C.
Reynolds, P.T.
Roache, E.
Rose, H.J.
Rovero, A.C.
Schroedter, M.
Sembroski, G.H.
Senturk, G.D.
Smith, A.W.
Steele, D.
Swordy, S.P.
Theiling, M.
Thibadeau, S.
Varlotta, A.
Vincent, S.
Wagner, R.G.
Wakely, S.P.
Ward, J.E.
Weekes, T.C.
Weinstein, A.
Weisgarber, T.
Williams, D.A.
Wissel, S.
Wood, M.
Zitzer, B.
Harris, D.E.
Massaro, F.
Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87
topic_facet Gamma rays: galaxies
description M87 is a nearby radio galaxy that is detected at energies ranging from radio to very high energy (VHE) gamma rays. Its proximity and its jet, misaligned from our line of sight, enable detailed morphological studies and extensive modeling at radio, optical, and X-ray energies. Flaring activity was observed at all energies, and multi-wavelength correlations would help clarify the origin of the VHE emission. In this paper, we describe a detailed temporal and spectral analysis of the VERITAS VHE gamma-ray observations of M87 in 2008 and 2009. In the 2008 observing season, VERITAS detected an excess with a statistical significance of 7.2 standard deviations (σ) from M87 during a joint multi-wavelength monitoring campaign conducted by three major VHE experiments along with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. In 2008 February, VERITAS observed a VHE flare from M87 occurring over a 4 day timespan. The peak nightly flux above 250GeV was (1.14 0.26) × 10 -11 cm -2 s -1 , which corresponded to 7.7% of the Crab Nebula flux. M87 was marginally detected before this 4 day flare period, and was not detected afterward. Spectral analysis of the VERITAS observations showed no significant change in the photon index between the flare and pre-flare states. Shortly after the VHE flare seen by VERITAS, the Chandra X-ray Observatory detected the flux from the core of M87 at a historical maximum, while the flux from the nearby knot HST-1 remained quiescent. Acciari etal. presented the 2008 contemporaneous VHE gamma-ray, Chandra X-ray, and Very Long Baseline Array radio observations which suggest the core as the most likely source of VHE emission, in contrast to the 2005 VHE flare that was simultaneous with an X-ray flare in the HST-1 knot. In 2009, VERITAS continued its monitoring of M87 and marginally detected a 4.2σ excess corresponding to a flux of 1% of the Crab Nebula. No VHE flaring activity was observed in 2009. © 2010. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
format JOUR
author Acciari, V.A.
Aliu, E.
Arlen, T.
Aune, T.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Boltuch, D.
Bradbury, S.M.
Buckley, J.H.
Bugaev, V.
Byrum, K.
Cannon, A.
Cesarini, A.
Chow, Y.C.
Ciupik, L.
Cogan, P.
Cui, W.
Dickherber, R.
Duke, C.
Finley, J.P.
Finnegan, G.
Fortin, P.
Fortson, L.
Furniss, A.
Galante, N.
Gall, D.
Gillanders, G.H.
Godambe, S.
Grube, J.
Guenette, R.
Gyuk, G.
Hanna, D.
Holder, J.
Hui, C.M.
Humensky, T.B.
Imran, A.
Kaaret, P.
Karlsson, N.
Kertzman, M.
Kieda, D.
Konopelko, A.
Krawczynski, H.
Krennrich, F.
Lang, M.J.
Lebohec, S.
Maier, G.
McArthur, S.
McCann, A.
McCutcheon, M.
Millis, J.
Moriarty, P.
Ong, R.A.
Otte, A.N.
Pandel, D.
Perkins, J.S.
Pichel, A.
Pohl, M.
Quinn, J.
Ragan, K.
Reyes, L.C.
Reynolds, P.T.
Roache, E.
Rose, H.J.
Rovero, A.C.
Schroedter, M.
Sembroski, G.H.
Senturk, G.D.
Smith, A.W.
Steele, D.
Swordy, S.P.
Theiling, M.
Thibadeau, S.
Varlotta, A.
Vincent, S.
Wagner, R.G.
Wakely, S.P.
Ward, J.E.
Weekes, T.C.
Weinstein, A.
Weisgarber, T.
Williams, D.A.
Wissel, S.
Wood, M.
Zitzer, B.
Harris, D.E.
Massaro, F.
author_facet Acciari, V.A.
Aliu, E.
Arlen, T.
Aune, T.
Beilicke, M.
Benbow, W.
Boltuch, D.
Bradbury, S.M.
Buckley, J.H.
Bugaev, V.
Byrum, K.
Cannon, A.
Cesarini, A.
Chow, Y.C.
Ciupik, L.
Cogan, P.
Cui, W.
Dickherber, R.
Duke, C.
Finley, J.P.
Finnegan, G.
Fortin, P.
Fortson, L.
Furniss, A.
Galante, N.
Gall, D.
Gillanders, G.H.
Godambe, S.
Grube, J.
Guenette, R.
Gyuk, G.
Hanna, D.
Holder, J.
Hui, C.M.
Humensky, T.B.
Imran, A.
Kaaret, P.
Karlsson, N.
Kertzman, M.
Kieda, D.
Konopelko, A.
Krawczynski, H.
Krennrich, F.
Lang, M.J.
Lebohec, S.
Maier, G.
McArthur, S.
McCann, A.
McCutcheon, M.
Millis, J.
Moriarty, P.
Ong, R.A.
Otte, A.N.
Pandel, D.
Perkins, J.S.
Pichel, A.
Pohl, M.
Quinn, J.
Ragan, K.
Reyes, L.C.
Reynolds, P.T.
Roache, E.
Rose, H.J.
Rovero, A.C.
Schroedter, M.
Sembroski, G.H.
Senturk, G.D.
Smith, A.W.
Steele, D.
Swordy, S.P.
Theiling, M.
Thibadeau, S.
Varlotta, A.
Vincent, S.
Wagner, R.G.
Wakely, S.P.
Ward, J.E.
Weekes, T.C.
Weinstein, A.
Weisgarber, T.
Williams, D.A.
Wissel, S.
Wood, M.
Zitzer, B.
Harris, D.E.
Massaro, F.
author_sort Acciari, V.A.
title Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87
title_short Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87
title_full Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87
title_fullStr Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87
title_full_unstemmed Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87
title_sort veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source m87
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_0004637X_v716_n1_p819_Acciari
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