Galactose configurations in nature with emphasis on the biosynthesis of galactofuranose in glycans

Glycosylated D-galactose is widely distributed in nature. Less common, L-galactose was found in snail and plant galactans. The difference with the most abundant monosaccharide, D-glucose, is that D-galactose may be found in pyranosic and furanosic configurations. In the animal kingdom, free D-galact...

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Autor principal: Muchnik de Lederkremer, Rosa María
Publicado: 2014
Acceso en línea:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_97816311_v_n_p107_Marino
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_97816311_v_n_p107_Marino
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Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires
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spelling paper:paper_97816311_v_n_p107_Marino2023-06-08T16:38:28Z Galactose configurations in nature with emphasis on the biosynthesis of galactofuranose in glycans Muchnik de Lederkremer, Rosa María Glycosylated D-galactose is widely distributed in nature. Less common, L-galactose was found in snail and plant galactans. The difference with the most abundant monosaccharide, D-glucose, is that D-galactose may be found in pyranosic and furanosic configurations. In the animal kingdom, free D-galactose is not present but is a common constituent of glycoproteins and glycolipids, always as pyranose. In fact, D-galactose is incorporated into human milk oligosaccharides in larger quantities than glucose. The ß-(l,4)- galactosyltransferase links galactose to glucose to form lactose, the core for human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). Interestingly, the furanose form has been identified in important human pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease. In both configurations, the ß-anomer predominates in the glycans. The absence of galactofuranose (Galf) in mammals and the important role that Galf-containing molecules play in host cell recognition led to the enzymes involved in the Galf metabolic pathways as targets for the development of drugs. Both, Galp and Galf must be activated as the nucleotides UDP-Galp and UDP-Galf for their incorporation into glycans. The nucleotide precursor for L-galactose is GDP-L-galactose, which is formed from GDP-mannose by the action of a 3',5'-epimerase. Also, whereas UDP-Galp may be synthesized from the free monosaccharidesgalactose or glucose, in the latter case through the action of a UDP-Glc-4-epimerase, UDP-Galf is produced from UDP-Galp by the action of a unique enzyme, UDP-Galp mutase (UGM), which catalyzes its conversion into UDP-Galf. In the last two decades several laboratories have been committed to understand the mechanism of action of UGM and its properties. The achievements in this area are presented in this chapter. © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Fil:de Lederkremer, R.M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. 2014 https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_97816311_v_n_p107_Marino http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_97816311_v_n_p107_Marino
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-134
collection Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA)
description Glycosylated D-galactose is widely distributed in nature. Less common, L-galactose was found in snail and plant galactans. The difference with the most abundant monosaccharide, D-glucose, is that D-galactose may be found in pyranosic and furanosic configurations. In the animal kingdom, free D-galactose is not present but is a common constituent of glycoproteins and glycolipids, always as pyranose. In fact, D-galactose is incorporated into human milk oligosaccharides in larger quantities than glucose. The ß-(l,4)- galactosyltransferase links galactose to glucose to form lactose, the core for human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). Interestingly, the furanose form has been identified in important human pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease. In both configurations, the ß-anomer predominates in the glycans. The absence of galactofuranose (Galf) in mammals and the important role that Galf-containing molecules play in host cell recognition led to the enzymes involved in the Galf metabolic pathways as targets for the development of drugs. Both, Galp and Galf must be activated as the nucleotides UDP-Galp and UDP-Galf for their incorporation into glycans. The nucleotide precursor for L-galactose is GDP-L-galactose, which is formed from GDP-mannose by the action of a 3',5'-epimerase. Also, whereas UDP-Galp may be synthesized from the free monosaccharidesgalactose or glucose, in the latter case through the action of a UDP-Glc-4-epimerase, UDP-Galf is produced from UDP-Galp by the action of a unique enzyme, UDP-Galp mutase (UGM), which catalyzes its conversion into UDP-Galf. In the last two decades several laboratories have been committed to understand the mechanism of action of UGM and its properties. The achievements in this area are presented in this chapter. © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
author Muchnik de Lederkremer, Rosa María
spellingShingle Muchnik de Lederkremer, Rosa María
Galactose configurations in nature with emphasis on the biosynthesis of galactofuranose in glycans
author_facet Muchnik de Lederkremer, Rosa María
author_sort Muchnik de Lederkremer, Rosa María
title Galactose configurations in nature with emphasis on the biosynthesis of galactofuranose in glycans
title_short Galactose configurations in nature with emphasis on the biosynthesis of galactofuranose in glycans
title_full Galactose configurations in nature with emphasis on the biosynthesis of galactofuranose in glycans
title_fullStr Galactose configurations in nature with emphasis on the biosynthesis of galactofuranose in glycans
title_full_unstemmed Galactose configurations in nature with emphasis on the biosynthesis of galactofuranose in glycans
title_sort galactose configurations in nature with emphasis on the biosynthesis of galactofuranose in glycans
publishDate 2014
url https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_97816311_v_n_p107_Marino
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_97816311_v_n_p107_Marino
work_keys_str_mv AT muchnikdelederkremerrosamaria galactoseconfigurationsinnaturewithemphasisonthebiosynthesisofgalactofuranoseinglycans
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