Morphological Changes in Skin Glands During Development in Rhinella Arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae)
Avoiding predation is critical to survival of animals; chemical defenses represent a common strategy among amphibians. In this study, we examined histologically the morphology of skin glands and types of secretions related to chemical skin defense during ontogeny of Rhinella arenarum. Prior to metam...
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paper:paper_19328486_v299_n1_p141_Regueira2023-06-08T16:31:45Z Morphological Changes in Skin Glands During Development in Rhinella Arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) Regueira, Eleonora Hermida, Gladys N. Bufonid Histology Ontogeny Parotoid gland Skin glands catecholamine glycoconjugate lipid protein toxin acidity acidophile adult anatomical variation animal experiment Anura Article basophil controlled study epidermis giant cell granular cell histochemistry histology juvenile metamorphosis morphology mucus mucus gland nonhuman ontogeny organogenesis parotid gland priority journal Rhinella arenarum skin gland skin secretion tadpole taste verruca vulgaris anatomy and histology animal Anura exocrine gland female growth, development and aging immunohistochemistry male physiology predation skin Animals Anura Epidermis Exocrine Glands Female Immunohistochemistry Male Metamorphosis, Biological Predatory Behavior Skin Avoiding predation is critical to survival of animals; chemical defenses represent a common strategy among amphibians. In this study, we examined histologically the morphology of skin glands and types of secretions related to chemical skin defense during ontogeny of Rhinella arenarum. Prior to metamorphic climax the epidermis contains typical bufonid giant cells producing a mucous substance supposedly involved in triggering a flight reaction of the tadpole school. An apical layer of alcianophilic mucus covers the epidermis, which could produce the unpleasant taste of bufonid tadpoles. Giant cells disappear by onset of metamorphic climax, when multicellular glands start developing, but the apical mucous layer remains. By the end of climax, neither the granular glands of the dorsum nor the parotoid regions are completely developed. Conversely, by the end of metamorphosis the mucous glands are partially developed and secrete mucus. Adults have at least three types of granular glands, which we designate type A (acidophilic), type B (basophilic) and ventral (mucous). Polymorphic granular glands distribute differently in the body: dorsal granular glands between warts and in the periphery of parotoids contain protein; granular glands of big warts and in the central region of parotoids contain catecholamines, lipids, and glycoconjugates, whereas ventral granular glands produce acidic glycoconjugates. Mucous glands produce both mucus and proteins. Results suggest that in early juveniles the chemical skin defense mechanisms are not functional. Topographical differences in adult skin secretions suggest that granular glands from the big warts in the skin produce similar toxins to the parotoid glands. Anat Rec, 299:141-156, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Fil:Regueira, E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Hermida, G.N. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. 2016 https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_19328486_v299_n1_p141_Regueira http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_19328486_v299_n1_p141_Regueira |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Bufonid Histology Ontogeny Parotoid gland Skin glands catecholamine glycoconjugate lipid protein toxin acidity acidophile adult anatomical variation animal experiment Anura Article basophil controlled study epidermis giant cell granular cell histochemistry histology juvenile metamorphosis morphology mucus mucus gland nonhuman ontogeny organogenesis parotid gland priority journal Rhinella arenarum skin gland skin secretion tadpole taste verruca vulgaris anatomy and histology animal Anura exocrine gland female growth, development and aging immunohistochemistry male physiology predation skin Animals Anura Epidermis Exocrine Glands Female Immunohistochemistry Male Metamorphosis, Biological Predatory Behavior Skin |
| spellingShingle |
Bufonid Histology Ontogeny Parotoid gland Skin glands catecholamine glycoconjugate lipid protein toxin acidity acidophile adult anatomical variation animal experiment Anura Article basophil controlled study epidermis giant cell granular cell histochemistry histology juvenile metamorphosis morphology mucus mucus gland nonhuman ontogeny organogenesis parotid gland priority journal Rhinella arenarum skin gland skin secretion tadpole taste verruca vulgaris anatomy and histology animal Anura exocrine gland female growth, development and aging immunohistochemistry male physiology predation skin Animals Anura Epidermis Exocrine Glands Female Immunohistochemistry Male Metamorphosis, Biological Predatory Behavior Skin Regueira, Eleonora Hermida, Gladys N. Morphological Changes in Skin Glands During Development in Rhinella Arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) |
| topic_facet |
Bufonid Histology Ontogeny Parotoid gland Skin glands catecholamine glycoconjugate lipid protein toxin acidity acidophile adult anatomical variation animal experiment Anura Article basophil controlled study epidermis giant cell granular cell histochemistry histology juvenile metamorphosis morphology mucus mucus gland nonhuman ontogeny organogenesis parotid gland priority journal Rhinella arenarum skin gland skin secretion tadpole taste verruca vulgaris anatomy and histology animal Anura exocrine gland female growth, development and aging immunohistochemistry male physiology predation skin Animals Anura Epidermis Exocrine Glands Female Immunohistochemistry Male Metamorphosis, Biological Predatory Behavior Skin |
| description |
Avoiding predation is critical to survival of animals; chemical defenses represent a common strategy among amphibians. In this study, we examined histologically the morphology of skin glands and types of secretions related to chemical skin defense during ontogeny of Rhinella arenarum. Prior to metamorphic climax the epidermis contains typical bufonid giant cells producing a mucous substance supposedly involved in triggering a flight reaction of the tadpole school. An apical layer of alcianophilic mucus covers the epidermis, which could produce the unpleasant taste of bufonid tadpoles. Giant cells disappear by onset of metamorphic climax, when multicellular glands start developing, but the apical mucous layer remains. By the end of climax, neither the granular glands of the dorsum nor the parotoid regions are completely developed. Conversely, by the end of metamorphosis the mucous glands are partially developed and secrete mucus. Adults have at least three types of granular glands, which we designate type A (acidophilic), type B (basophilic) and ventral (mucous). Polymorphic granular glands distribute differently in the body: dorsal granular glands between warts and in the periphery of parotoids contain protein; granular glands of big warts and in the central region of parotoids contain catecholamines, lipids, and glycoconjugates, whereas ventral granular glands produce acidic glycoconjugates. Mucous glands produce both mucus and proteins. Results suggest that in early juveniles the chemical skin defense mechanisms are not functional. Topographical differences in adult skin secretions suggest that granular glands from the big warts in the skin produce similar toxins to the parotoid glands. Anat Rec, 299:141-156, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
| author |
Regueira, Eleonora Hermida, Gladys N. |
| author_facet |
Regueira, Eleonora Hermida, Gladys N. |
| author_sort |
Regueira, Eleonora |
| title |
Morphological Changes in Skin Glands During Development in Rhinella Arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) |
| title_short |
Morphological Changes in Skin Glands During Development in Rhinella Arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) |
| title_full |
Morphological Changes in Skin Glands During Development in Rhinella Arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) |
| title_fullStr |
Morphological Changes in Skin Glands During Development in Rhinella Arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Morphological Changes in Skin Glands During Development in Rhinella Arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) |
| title_sort |
morphological changes in skin glands during development in rhinella arenarum (anura: bufonidae) |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_19328486_v299_n1_p141_Regueira http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_19328486_v299_n1_p141_Regueira |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT regueiraeleonora morphologicalchangesinskinglandsduringdevelopmentinrhinellaarenarumanurabufonidae AT hermidagladysn morphologicalchangesinskinglandsduringdevelopmentinrhinellaarenarumanurabufonidae |
| _version_ |
1768541866459922432 |