Identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster: Pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction
Background. Understanding the genetic architecture of ecologically relevant adaptive traits requires the contribution of developmental and evolutionary biology. The time to reach the age of reproduction is a complex life history trait commonly known as developmental time. In particular, in holometab...
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| Acceso en línea: | https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_1471213X_v8_n_p_Mensch http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_1471213X_v8_n_p_Mensch |
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paper:paper_1471213X_v8_n_p_Mensch2023-06-08T16:17:11Z Identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster: Pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction Mensch, Julián Lavagnino, Nicolas Jose Carreira, Valeria Paula Hasson, Esteban Ruben Fanara, Juan Jose article development Drosophila melanogaster gene gene identification gene insertion gene interaction genetic trait genetic variability genotype phenotype correlation karl gene merlin gene mutant nonhuman pleiotropy analysis of variance animal developmental gene environment female gene gene expression regulation genetics growth, development and aging male phenotype temperature time Drosophila melanogaster Hexapoda Drosophila protein merlin merlin, Drosophila Analysis of Variance Animals Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Proteins Environment Female Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Genes, Developmental Genes, Insect Male Mutagenesis, Insertional Neurofibromin 2 Phenotype Temperature Time Factors Background. Understanding the genetic architecture of ecologically relevant adaptive traits requires the contribution of developmental and evolutionary biology. The time to reach the age of reproduction is a complex life history trait commonly known as developmental time. In particular, in holometabolous insects that occupy ephemeral habitats, like fruit flies, the impact of developmental time on fitness is further exaggerated. The present work is one of the first systematic studies of the genetic basis of developmental time, in which we also evaluate the impact of environmental variation on the expression of the trait. Results. We analyzed 179 co-isogenic single P[GT1]-element insertion lines of Drosophila melanogaster to identify novel genes affecting developmental time in flies reared at 25°C. Sixty percent of the lines showed a heterochronic phenotype, suggesting that a large number of genes affect this trait. Mutant lines for the genes Merlin and Karl showed the most extreme phenotypes exhibiting a developmental time reduction and increase, respectively, of over 2 days and 4 days relative to the control (a co-isogenic P-element insertion free line). In addition, a subset of 42 lines selected at random from the initial set of 179 lines was screened at 17°C. Interestingly, the gene-by-environment interaction accounted for 52% of total phenotypic variance. Plastic reaction norms were found for a large number of developmental time candidate genes. Conclusion. We identified components of several integrated time-dependent pathways affecting egg-to-adult developmental time in Drosophila. At the same time, we also show that many heterochronic phenotypes may arise from changes in genes involved in several developmental mechanisms that do not explicitly control the timing of specific events. We also demonstrate that many developmental time genes have pleiotropic effects on several adult traits and that the action of most of them is sensitive to temperature during development. Taken together, our results stress the need to take into account the effect of environmental variation and the dynamics of gene interactions on the genetic architecture of this complex life-history trait. © 2008 Mensch et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Fil:Mensch, J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Lavagnino, N. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Carreira, V.P. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Hasson, E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Fanara, J.J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. 2008 https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_1471213X_v8_n_p_Mensch http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_1471213X_v8_n_p_Mensch |
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Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
article development Drosophila melanogaster gene gene identification gene insertion gene interaction genetic trait genetic variability genotype phenotype correlation karl gene merlin gene mutant nonhuman pleiotropy analysis of variance animal developmental gene environment female gene gene expression regulation genetics growth, development and aging male phenotype temperature time Drosophila melanogaster Hexapoda Drosophila protein merlin merlin, Drosophila Analysis of Variance Animals Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Proteins Environment Female Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Genes, Developmental Genes, Insect Male Mutagenesis, Insertional Neurofibromin 2 Phenotype Temperature Time Factors |
| spellingShingle |
article development Drosophila melanogaster gene gene identification gene insertion gene interaction genetic trait genetic variability genotype phenotype correlation karl gene merlin gene mutant nonhuman pleiotropy analysis of variance animal developmental gene environment female gene gene expression regulation genetics growth, development and aging male phenotype temperature time Drosophila melanogaster Hexapoda Drosophila protein merlin merlin, Drosophila Analysis of Variance Animals Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Proteins Environment Female Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Genes, Developmental Genes, Insect Male Mutagenesis, Insertional Neurofibromin 2 Phenotype Temperature Time Factors Mensch, Julián Lavagnino, Nicolas Jose Carreira, Valeria Paula Hasson, Esteban Ruben Fanara, Juan Jose Identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster: Pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction |
| topic_facet |
article development Drosophila melanogaster gene gene identification gene insertion gene interaction genetic trait genetic variability genotype phenotype correlation karl gene merlin gene mutant nonhuman pleiotropy analysis of variance animal developmental gene environment female gene gene expression regulation genetics growth, development and aging male phenotype temperature time Drosophila melanogaster Hexapoda Drosophila protein merlin merlin, Drosophila Analysis of Variance Animals Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila Proteins Environment Female Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Genes, Developmental Genes, Insect Male Mutagenesis, Insertional Neurofibromin 2 Phenotype Temperature Time Factors |
| description |
Background. Understanding the genetic architecture of ecologically relevant adaptive traits requires the contribution of developmental and evolutionary biology. The time to reach the age of reproduction is a complex life history trait commonly known as developmental time. In particular, in holometabolous insects that occupy ephemeral habitats, like fruit flies, the impact of developmental time on fitness is further exaggerated. The present work is one of the first systematic studies of the genetic basis of developmental time, in which we also evaluate the impact of environmental variation on the expression of the trait. Results. We analyzed 179 co-isogenic single P[GT1]-element insertion lines of Drosophila melanogaster to identify novel genes affecting developmental time in flies reared at 25°C. Sixty percent of the lines showed a heterochronic phenotype, suggesting that a large number of genes affect this trait. Mutant lines for the genes Merlin and Karl showed the most extreme phenotypes exhibiting a developmental time reduction and increase, respectively, of over 2 days and 4 days relative to the control (a co-isogenic P-element insertion free line). In addition, a subset of 42 lines selected at random from the initial set of 179 lines was screened at 17°C. Interestingly, the gene-by-environment interaction accounted for 52% of total phenotypic variance. Plastic reaction norms were found for a large number of developmental time candidate genes. Conclusion. We identified components of several integrated time-dependent pathways affecting egg-to-adult developmental time in Drosophila. At the same time, we also show that many heterochronic phenotypes may arise from changes in genes involved in several developmental mechanisms that do not explicitly control the timing of specific events. We also demonstrate that many developmental time genes have pleiotropic effects on several adult traits and that the action of most of them is sensitive to temperature during development. Taken together, our results stress the need to take into account the effect of environmental variation and the dynamics of gene interactions on the genetic architecture of this complex life-history trait. © 2008 Mensch et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
| author |
Mensch, Julián Lavagnino, Nicolas Jose Carreira, Valeria Paula Hasson, Esteban Ruben Fanara, Juan Jose |
| author_facet |
Mensch, Julián Lavagnino, Nicolas Jose Carreira, Valeria Paula Hasson, Esteban Ruben Fanara, Juan Jose |
| author_sort |
Mensch, Julián |
| title |
Identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster: Pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction |
| title_short |
Identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster: Pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction |
| title_full |
Identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster: Pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction |
| title_fullStr |
Identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster: Pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster: Pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction |
| title_sort |
identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in drosophila melanogaster: pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction |
| publishDate |
2008 |
| url |
https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_1471213X_v8_n_p_Mensch http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_1471213X_v8_n_p_Mensch |
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