Does the shelterwood method to regenerate oak forests affect acorn production and predation?
The shelterwood system is one of the primary methods currently used to encourage regeneration of oak forests; yet, little is known about its influence on acorn production and predation. We compared acorn production, and predation by insects and mammals in stands of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) that we...
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paper:paper_03781127_v205_n1-3_p311_Bellocq2023-06-08T15:39:17Z Does the shelterwood method to regenerate oak forests affect acorn production and predation? Bellocq, Maria Isabel Post-dispersal seed predation Pre-dispersal seed predation Quercus rubra Regeneration by shelterwood system Seed production Acorn production Crown survey method Oak regeneration Red oak Biodiversity Harvesting Productivity Wood Forestry forest management predation regeneration seed production Forests Harvesting Insects Mammals Quercus Rubra Shelterwood Curculio Curculio venosus Curculionidae Hexapoda Insecta Mammalia Quercus Quercus rubra Sciuridae undetermined Sciuridae 'chipmunks' Vespidae The shelterwood system is one of the primary methods currently used to encourage regeneration of oak forests; yet, little is known about its influence on acorn production and predation. We compared acorn production, and predation by insects and mammals in stands of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) that were regenerated by the shelterwood method (50% canopy removal) to that of uncut (control) stands in the first year of production after the harvest treatment. In each plot, we measured stand and tree characteristics and estimated acorn production by using both acorn traps and a visual crown survey to place trees into productivity classes. Acorns collected in traps were examined to record the external and internal conditions, percentage of cotyledon damaged and the presence of insects. Exclusion cages were used to quantify acorn predation by mammals in harvested and control plots. Oaks in the shelterwood plots produced more acorns than oaks in uncut stands if the acorn crop was rated by the crown survey method, but not when production was measured with acorn traps. We found no evidence that the shelterwood method influenced acorn predation by insects or mammals. Visual examination of the exterior of the pericarp indicated that insects attacked 44% and 47% of the acorns in harvested and control plots, respectively. Most of the damage produced by insects was attributed to pip galls (cynipid wasps) and acorn weevils (Curculio sp.), which in most cases damaged more than 75% of the cotyledon. Squirrels and chipmunks were the primary mammals responsible for removing 50% of the acorns in the fall-spring whereas mice took 33% of the acorns. Use of the shelterwood method in conjunction with leaving the best acorn producers can be used to create the desired stand structure while maintaining or increasing acorn production and oak regeneration potential in the stand. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Fil:Bellocq, M.I. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. 2005 https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_03781127_v205_n1-3_p311_Bellocq http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_03781127_v205_n1-3_p311_Bellocq |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Post-dispersal seed predation Pre-dispersal seed predation Quercus rubra Regeneration by shelterwood system Seed production Acorn production Crown survey method Oak regeneration Red oak Biodiversity Harvesting Productivity Wood Forestry forest management predation regeneration seed production Forests Harvesting Insects Mammals Quercus Rubra Shelterwood Curculio Curculio venosus Curculionidae Hexapoda Insecta Mammalia Quercus Quercus rubra Sciuridae undetermined Sciuridae 'chipmunks' Vespidae |
| spellingShingle |
Post-dispersal seed predation Pre-dispersal seed predation Quercus rubra Regeneration by shelterwood system Seed production Acorn production Crown survey method Oak regeneration Red oak Biodiversity Harvesting Productivity Wood Forestry forest management predation regeneration seed production Forests Harvesting Insects Mammals Quercus Rubra Shelterwood Curculio Curculio venosus Curculionidae Hexapoda Insecta Mammalia Quercus Quercus rubra Sciuridae undetermined Sciuridae 'chipmunks' Vespidae Bellocq, Maria Isabel Does the shelterwood method to regenerate oak forests affect acorn production and predation? |
| topic_facet |
Post-dispersal seed predation Pre-dispersal seed predation Quercus rubra Regeneration by shelterwood system Seed production Acorn production Crown survey method Oak regeneration Red oak Biodiversity Harvesting Productivity Wood Forestry forest management predation regeneration seed production Forests Harvesting Insects Mammals Quercus Rubra Shelterwood Curculio Curculio venosus Curculionidae Hexapoda Insecta Mammalia Quercus Quercus rubra Sciuridae undetermined Sciuridae 'chipmunks' Vespidae |
| description |
The shelterwood system is one of the primary methods currently used to encourage regeneration of oak forests; yet, little is known about its influence on acorn production and predation. We compared acorn production, and predation by insects and mammals in stands of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) that were regenerated by the shelterwood method (50% canopy removal) to that of uncut (control) stands in the first year of production after the harvest treatment. In each plot, we measured stand and tree characteristics and estimated acorn production by using both acorn traps and a visual crown survey to place trees into productivity classes. Acorns collected in traps were examined to record the external and internal conditions, percentage of cotyledon damaged and the presence of insects. Exclusion cages were used to quantify acorn predation by mammals in harvested and control plots. Oaks in the shelterwood plots produced more acorns than oaks in uncut stands if the acorn crop was rated by the crown survey method, but not when production was measured with acorn traps. We found no evidence that the shelterwood method influenced acorn predation by insects or mammals. Visual examination of the exterior of the pericarp indicated that insects attacked 44% and 47% of the acorns in harvested and control plots, respectively. Most of the damage produced by insects was attributed to pip galls (cynipid wasps) and acorn weevils (Curculio sp.), which in most cases damaged more than 75% of the cotyledon. Squirrels and chipmunks were the primary mammals responsible for removing 50% of the acorns in the fall-spring whereas mice took 33% of the acorns. Use of the shelterwood method in conjunction with leaving the best acorn producers can be used to create the desired stand structure while maintaining or increasing acorn production and oak regeneration potential in the stand. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| author |
Bellocq, Maria Isabel |
| author_facet |
Bellocq, Maria Isabel |
| author_sort |
Bellocq, Maria Isabel |
| title |
Does the shelterwood method to regenerate oak forests affect acorn production and predation? |
| title_short |
Does the shelterwood method to regenerate oak forests affect acorn production and predation? |
| title_full |
Does the shelterwood method to regenerate oak forests affect acorn production and predation? |
| title_fullStr |
Does the shelterwood method to regenerate oak forests affect acorn production and predation? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Does the shelterwood method to regenerate oak forests affect acorn production and predation? |
| title_sort |
does the shelterwood method to regenerate oak forests affect acorn production and predation? |
| publishDate |
2005 |
| url |
https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_03781127_v205_n1-3_p311_Bellocq http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_03781127_v205_n1-3_p311_Bellocq |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT bellocqmariaisabel doestheshelterwoodmethodtoregenerateoakforestsaffectacornproductionandpredation |
| _version_ |
1768546494904795136 |