Arousal and drug abuse
The reticular activating system (RAS) is not an amorphous region but distinct nuclei with specific membrane properties that dictate their firing during waking and sleep. The locus coeruleus and raphe nucleus fire during waking and slow wave sleep, with the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) firing durin...
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2017
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| Acceso en línea: | https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_01664328_v333_n_p276_Urbano http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_01664328_v333_n_p276_Urbano |
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paper:paper_01664328_v333_n_p276_Urbano2023-06-08T15:15:44Z Arousal and drug abuse Cocaine Connexin 36 Dopamine Modafinil N- and P/Q-type calcium channels Preconscious awareness 4 aminobutyric acid alpha 2 adrenergic receptor calcium channel T type carbachol catecholamine cocaine modafinil opsin orexin rhodopsin addiction arousal beta rhythm cell nucleus membrane cholinergic activity dopaminergic activity drug abuse drug craving drug effect electroencephalogram excitation contraction coupling firing rate GABAergic system gamma rhythm gap junction high frequency oscillation human hypothalamus locus ceruleus membrane potential nonhuman optogenetics pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus priority journal raphe nucleus relapse REM sleep reticular formation Review sleep sleep waking cycle slow wave sleep wakefulness withdrawal syndrome animal arousal drug dependence pathophysiology physiology Animals Arousal Humans Substance-Related Disorders The reticular activating system (RAS) is not an amorphous region but distinct nuclei with specific membrane properties that dictate their firing during waking and sleep. The locus coeruleus and raphe nucleus fire during waking and slow wave sleep, with the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) firing during both waking and REM sleep, the states manifesting arousal-related EEG activity. Two important discoveries in the PPN in the last 10 years are, 1) that some PPN cells are electrically coupled, and 2) every PPN cell manifests high threshold calcium channels that allow them to oscillate at beta/gamma band frequencies. The role of arousal in drug abuse is considered here in terms of the effects of drugs of abuse on these two mechanisms. Drug abuse and the perception of withdrawal/relapse are mediated by neurobiological processes that occur only when we are awake, not when we are asleep. These relationships focus on the potential role of arousal, more specifically of RAS electrical coupling and gamma band activity, in the addictive process as well as the relapse to drug use. © 2017 2017 https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_01664328_v333_n_p276_Urbano http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_01664328_v333_n_p276_Urbano |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Cocaine Connexin 36 Dopamine Modafinil N- and P/Q-type calcium channels Preconscious awareness 4 aminobutyric acid alpha 2 adrenergic receptor calcium channel T type carbachol catecholamine cocaine modafinil opsin orexin rhodopsin addiction arousal beta rhythm cell nucleus membrane cholinergic activity dopaminergic activity drug abuse drug craving drug effect electroencephalogram excitation contraction coupling firing rate GABAergic system gamma rhythm gap junction high frequency oscillation human hypothalamus locus ceruleus membrane potential nonhuman optogenetics pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus priority journal raphe nucleus relapse REM sleep reticular formation Review sleep sleep waking cycle slow wave sleep wakefulness withdrawal syndrome animal arousal drug dependence pathophysiology physiology Animals Arousal Humans Substance-Related Disorders |
| spellingShingle |
Cocaine Connexin 36 Dopamine Modafinil N- and P/Q-type calcium channels Preconscious awareness 4 aminobutyric acid alpha 2 adrenergic receptor calcium channel T type carbachol catecholamine cocaine modafinil opsin orexin rhodopsin addiction arousal beta rhythm cell nucleus membrane cholinergic activity dopaminergic activity drug abuse drug craving drug effect electroencephalogram excitation contraction coupling firing rate GABAergic system gamma rhythm gap junction high frequency oscillation human hypothalamus locus ceruleus membrane potential nonhuman optogenetics pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus priority journal raphe nucleus relapse REM sleep reticular formation Review sleep sleep waking cycle slow wave sleep wakefulness withdrawal syndrome animal arousal drug dependence pathophysiology physiology Animals Arousal Humans Substance-Related Disorders Arousal and drug abuse |
| topic_facet |
Cocaine Connexin 36 Dopamine Modafinil N- and P/Q-type calcium channels Preconscious awareness 4 aminobutyric acid alpha 2 adrenergic receptor calcium channel T type carbachol catecholamine cocaine modafinil opsin orexin rhodopsin addiction arousal beta rhythm cell nucleus membrane cholinergic activity dopaminergic activity drug abuse drug craving drug effect electroencephalogram excitation contraction coupling firing rate GABAergic system gamma rhythm gap junction high frequency oscillation human hypothalamus locus ceruleus membrane potential nonhuman optogenetics pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus priority journal raphe nucleus relapse REM sleep reticular formation Review sleep sleep waking cycle slow wave sleep wakefulness withdrawal syndrome animal arousal drug dependence pathophysiology physiology Animals Arousal Humans Substance-Related Disorders |
| description |
The reticular activating system (RAS) is not an amorphous region but distinct nuclei with specific membrane properties that dictate their firing during waking and sleep. The locus coeruleus and raphe nucleus fire during waking and slow wave sleep, with the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) firing during both waking and REM sleep, the states manifesting arousal-related EEG activity. Two important discoveries in the PPN in the last 10 years are, 1) that some PPN cells are electrically coupled, and 2) every PPN cell manifests high threshold calcium channels that allow them to oscillate at beta/gamma band frequencies. The role of arousal in drug abuse is considered here in terms of the effects of drugs of abuse on these two mechanisms. Drug abuse and the perception of withdrawal/relapse are mediated by neurobiological processes that occur only when we are awake, not when we are asleep. These relationships focus on the potential role of arousal, more specifically of RAS electrical coupling and gamma band activity, in the addictive process as well as the relapse to drug use. © 2017 |
| title |
Arousal and drug abuse |
| title_short |
Arousal and drug abuse |
| title_full |
Arousal and drug abuse |
| title_fullStr |
Arousal and drug abuse |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Arousal and drug abuse |
| title_sort |
arousal and drug abuse |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_01664328_v333_n_p276_Urbano http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_01664328_v333_n_p276_Urbano |
| _version_ |
1768543604215644160 |