Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3

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As silicon is the basis of conventional electronics, so strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the foundation of the emerging field of oxide electronics1,2. SrTiO3 is the preferred template for the creation of exotic, two-dimensional (2D) phases of electron matter at oxide interfaces3-5 that have metalg-ins...

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Autores principales:	Weht, Ruben Oscar, Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier
Publicado:	2011
Materias:	metal oxide strontium titanium dioxide electron gas insulation numerical model oxide silicon spectroscopy two-dimensional modeling article conductance electronics energy priority journal superconductor
Acceso en línea:	https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00280836_v469_n7329_p189_SantanderSyro http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00280836_v469_n7329_p189_SantanderSyro
Aporte de:	Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) de Universidad de Buenos Aires

id	paper:paper_00280836_v469_n7329_p189_SantanderSyro
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spelling	paper:paper_00280836_v469_n7329_p189_SantanderSyro2025-07-30T17:36:29Z Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3 Weht, Ruben Oscar Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier metal oxide strontium titanium dioxide electron gas insulation numerical model oxide silicon spectroscopy two-dimensional modeling article conductance electron electronics energy gas priority journal spectroscopy superconductor As silicon is the basis of conventional electronics, so strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the foundation of the emerging field of oxide electronics1,2. SrTiO3 is the preferred template for the creation of exotic, two-dimensional (2D) phases of electron matter at oxide interfaces3-5 that have metalg-insulator transitions6,7, superconductivity8,9 or large negative magnetoresistance 10. However, the physical nature of the electronic structure underlying these 2D electron gases (2DEGs), which is crucial to understanding their remarkable properties11,12, remains elusive. Here we show, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, that there is a highly metallic universal 2DEG at the vacuum-cleaved surface of SrTiO3 (including the non-doped insulating material) independently of bulk carrier densities over more than seven decades. This 2DEG is confined within a region of about five unit cells and has a sheet carrier density of ∼0.33 electrons per square lattice parameter. The electronic structure consists of multiple subbands of heavy and light electrons. The similarity of this 2DEG to those reported in SrTiO3-based heterostructures and field-effect transistors suggests that different forms of electron confinement at the surface of SrTiO3 lead to essentially the same 2DEG. Our discovery provides a model system for the study of the electronic structure of 2DEGs in SrTiO3-based devices and a novel means of generating 2DEGs at the surfaces of transition-metal oxides. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Fil:Weht, R. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Rozenberg, M.J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. 2011 https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00280836_v469_n7329_p189_SantanderSyro http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00280836_v469_n7329_p189_SantanderSyro
institution	Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str	I-28
repository_str	R-134
collection	Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA)
topic	metal oxide strontium titanium dioxide electron gas insulation numerical model oxide silicon spectroscopy two-dimensional modeling article conductance electron electronics energy gas priority journal spectroscopy superconductor
spellingShingle	metal oxide strontium titanium dioxide electron gas insulation numerical model oxide silicon spectroscopy two-dimensional modeling article conductance electron electronics energy gas priority journal spectroscopy superconductor Weht, Ruben Oscar Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3
topic_facet	metal oxide strontium titanium dioxide electron gas insulation numerical model oxide silicon spectroscopy two-dimensional modeling article conductance electron electronics energy gas priority journal spectroscopy superconductor
description	As silicon is the basis of conventional electronics, so strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is the foundation of the emerging field of oxide electronics1,2. SrTiO3 is the preferred template for the creation of exotic, two-dimensional (2D) phases of electron matter at oxide interfaces3-5 that have metalg-insulator transitions6,7, superconductivity8,9 or large negative magnetoresistance 10. However, the physical nature of the electronic structure underlying these 2D electron gases (2DEGs), which is crucial to understanding their remarkable properties11,12, remains elusive. Here we show, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, that there is a highly metallic universal 2DEG at the vacuum-cleaved surface of SrTiO3 (including the non-doped insulating material) independently of bulk carrier densities over more than seven decades. This 2DEG is confined within a region of about five unit cells and has a sheet carrier density of ∼0.33 electrons per square lattice parameter. The electronic structure consists of multiple subbands of heavy and light electrons. The similarity of this 2DEG to those reported in SrTiO3-based heterostructures and field-effect transistors suggests that different forms of electron confinement at the surface of SrTiO3 lead to essentially the same 2DEG. Our discovery provides a model system for the study of the electronic structure of 2DEGs in SrTiO3-based devices and a novel means of generating 2DEGs at the surfaces of transition-metal oxides. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
author	Weht, Ruben Oscar Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier
author_facet	Weht, Ruben Oscar Rozenberg, Marcelo Javier
author_sort	Weht, Ruben Oscar
title	Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3
title_short	Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3
title_full	Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3
title_fullStr	Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3
title_full_unstemmed	Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3
title_sort	two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of srtio 3
publishDate	2011
url	https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00280836_v469_n7329_p189_SantanderSyro http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00280836_v469_n7329_p189_SantanderSyro
work_keys_str_mv	AT wehtrubenoscar twodimensionalelectrongaswithuniversalsubbandsatthesurfaceofsrtio3 AT rozenbergmarcelojavier twodimensionalelectrongaswithuniversalsubbandsatthesurfaceofsrtio3
_version_	1840322567491026944

Two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO 3

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