The wages of violence: Mobbing by mockingbirds as a frontline defence against brood-parasitic cowbirds
For many hosts of brood-parasitic birds, their frontline of defence is to mob adult parasites that approach the nest. Mobbing is commonly interpreted as an adaptation to prevent the parasite from laying, although to date evidence of this is indirect or anecdotal. We investigated the effectiveness of...
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2013
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paper:paper_00033472_v86_n5_p1023_Gloag2023-06-08T14:24:22Z The wages of violence: Mobbing by mockingbirds as a frontline defence against brood-parasitic cowbirds Fiorini, Vanina Dafne Reboreda, Juan Carlos Brood parasitism Chalk-browed mockingbird Egg puncture Frontline defence Host-parasite coevolution Mimus saturninus Molothrus bonariensis Nest defence Shiny cowbird antiparasite defense coevolution hemoparasite mobbing natural selection nest guarding passerine Aves Mimus saturninus Molothrus Molothrus bonariensis For many hosts of brood-parasitic birds, their frontline of defence is to mob adult parasites that approach the nest. Mobbing is commonly interpreted as an adaptation to prevent the parasite from laying, although to date evidence of this is indirect or anecdotal. We investigated the effectiveness of mobbing by chalk-browed mockingbirds, Mimus saturninus, as a defence against their parasite, the shiny cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis, using videos of 480 naturally occurring cowbird nest visits and other direct observations. Mockingbirds only occasionally prevented cowbirds from reaching the nest or from laying once in it. More often, cowbirds were able to deposit an egg, aided by their agile flight, rapid laying, endurance of mobbing and, in some cases, opportunistic timing, whereby they approached nests when mockingbirds were distracted in battle with other cowbirds. Adult parasites present a second threat to hosts, however, in that they try to damage or remove host eggs prior to laying their own. We found that mobbing at the nest significantly reduced the likelihood that cowbirds broke a mockingbird egg during their visit, despite almost all mobbed visits concluding with a cowbird laying an egg. In this host therefore, the benefit of mobbing must be assessed by two independent measures: prevention of egg laying by the parasite and loss of their own eggs. As mockingbird eggs that survive a cowbird's visit intact can go on to fledge from parasitized broods, we expect strong selection for mobbing as an antiparasite defence in this host, even though it largely fails to prevent parasitism itself. © 2013 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Fil:Fiorini, V.D. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil:Reboreda, J.C. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. 2013 https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00033472_v86_n5_p1023_Gloag http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00033472_v86_n5_p1023_Gloag |
| institution |
Universidad de Buenos Aires |
| institution_str |
I-28 |
| repository_str |
R-134 |
| collection |
Biblioteca Digital - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA) |
| topic |
Brood parasitism Chalk-browed mockingbird Egg puncture Frontline defence Host-parasite coevolution Mimus saturninus Molothrus bonariensis Nest defence Shiny cowbird antiparasite defense coevolution hemoparasite mobbing natural selection nest guarding passerine Aves Mimus saturninus Molothrus Molothrus bonariensis |
| spellingShingle |
Brood parasitism Chalk-browed mockingbird Egg puncture Frontline defence Host-parasite coevolution Mimus saturninus Molothrus bonariensis Nest defence Shiny cowbird antiparasite defense coevolution hemoparasite mobbing natural selection nest guarding passerine Aves Mimus saturninus Molothrus Molothrus bonariensis Fiorini, Vanina Dafne Reboreda, Juan Carlos The wages of violence: Mobbing by mockingbirds as a frontline defence against brood-parasitic cowbirds |
| topic_facet |
Brood parasitism Chalk-browed mockingbird Egg puncture Frontline defence Host-parasite coevolution Mimus saturninus Molothrus bonariensis Nest defence Shiny cowbird antiparasite defense coevolution hemoparasite mobbing natural selection nest guarding passerine Aves Mimus saturninus Molothrus Molothrus bonariensis |
| description |
For many hosts of brood-parasitic birds, their frontline of defence is to mob adult parasites that approach the nest. Mobbing is commonly interpreted as an adaptation to prevent the parasite from laying, although to date evidence of this is indirect or anecdotal. We investigated the effectiveness of mobbing by chalk-browed mockingbirds, Mimus saturninus, as a defence against their parasite, the shiny cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis, using videos of 480 naturally occurring cowbird nest visits and other direct observations. Mockingbirds only occasionally prevented cowbirds from reaching the nest or from laying once in it. More often, cowbirds were able to deposit an egg, aided by their agile flight, rapid laying, endurance of mobbing and, in some cases, opportunistic timing, whereby they approached nests when mockingbirds were distracted in battle with other cowbirds. Adult parasites present a second threat to hosts, however, in that they try to damage or remove host eggs prior to laying their own. We found that mobbing at the nest significantly reduced the likelihood that cowbirds broke a mockingbird egg during their visit, despite almost all mobbed visits concluding with a cowbird laying an egg. In this host therefore, the benefit of mobbing must be assessed by two independent measures: prevention of egg laying by the parasite and loss of their own eggs. As mockingbird eggs that survive a cowbird's visit intact can go on to fledge from parasitized broods, we expect strong selection for mobbing as an antiparasite defence in this host, even though it largely fails to prevent parasitism itself. © 2013 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. |
| author |
Fiorini, Vanina Dafne Reboreda, Juan Carlos |
| author_facet |
Fiorini, Vanina Dafne Reboreda, Juan Carlos |
| author_sort |
Fiorini, Vanina Dafne |
| title |
The wages of violence: Mobbing by mockingbirds as a frontline defence against brood-parasitic cowbirds |
| title_short |
The wages of violence: Mobbing by mockingbirds as a frontline defence against brood-parasitic cowbirds |
| title_full |
The wages of violence: Mobbing by mockingbirds as a frontline defence against brood-parasitic cowbirds |
| title_fullStr |
The wages of violence: Mobbing by mockingbirds as a frontline defence against brood-parasitic cowbirds |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The wages of violence: Mobbing by mockingbirds as a frontline defence against brood-parasitic cowbirds |
| title_sort |
wages of violence: mobbing by mockingbirds as a frontline defence against brood-parasitic cowbirds |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00033472_v86_n5_p1023_Gloag http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_00033472_v86_n5_p1023_Gloag |
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