Presumptive hypersensitivity pneumonitis in dairy cattle: a case report

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a pathological condition caused by the continuous inhalation of various antigenic compounds, leading to an exacerbated immune response and subsequent lung injury. Although this condition has been reported in several animal species, it has not yet been documented in ca...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sosa, E., García, J. A., Bartolomé, J., Urtizbiria, F. N., Jauge, C., Morrell, E. L., Cantón, G. J.
Formato: Artículo revista
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Universidad Nacional del Nordeste 2025
Materias:
pneumonia
bovine
hypersensitivity
multinucleated giant cells
neumonía
bovino
hipersensibilidad
células gigantes multinucleadas
Acceso en línea:https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/8326
Aporte de:
Revistas UNNE - Universidad Nacional del Noroeste (UNNE) de Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
id I48-R154-article-8326
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institution Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
institution_str I-48
repository_str R-154
container_title_str Revistas UNNE - Universidad Nacional del Noroeste (UNNE)
language Español
format Artículo revista
topic pneumonia
bovine
hypersensitivity
multinucleated giant cells
neumonía
bovino
hipersensibilidad
células gigantes multinucleadas
spellingShingle pneumonia
bovine
hypersensitivity
multinucleated giant cells
neumonía
bovino
hipersensibilidad
células gigantes multinucleadas
Sosa, E.
García, J. A.
Bartolomé, J.
Urtizbiria, F. N.
Jauge, C.
Morrell, E. L.
Cantón, G. J.
Presumptive hypersensitivity pneumonitis in dairy cattle: a case report
topic_facet pneumonia
bovine
hypersensitivity
multinucleated giant cells
neumonía
bovino
hipersensibilidad
células gigantes multinucleadas
author Sosa, E.
García, J. A.
Bartolomé, J.
Urtizbiria, F. N.
Jauge, C.
Morrell, E. L.
Cantón, G. J.
author_facet Sosa, E.
García, J. A.
Bartolomé, J.
Urtizbiria, F. N.
Jauge, C.
Morrell, E. L.
Cantón, G. J.
author_sort Sosa, E.
title Presumptive hypersensitivity pneumonitis in dairy cattle: a case report
title_short Presumptive hypersensitivity pneumonitis in dairy cattle: a case report
title_full Presumptive hypersensitivity pneumonitis in dairy cattle: a case report
title_fullStr Presumptive hypersensitivity pneumonitis in dairy cattle: a case report
title_full_unstemmed Presumptive hypersensitivity pneumonitis in dairy cattle: a case report
title_sort presumptive hypersensitivity pneumonitis in dairy cattle: a case report
description Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a pathological condition caused by the continuous inhalation of various antigenic compounds, leading to an exacerbated immune response and subsequent lung injury. Although this condition has been reported in several animal species, it has not yet been documented in cattle in South America. This report describes a case that occurred in 2020 on a dairy farm operating under a dry-lot system with soil bedding, located in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. An increased frequency of respiratory cases was observed among lactating cows, occasionally resulting in death. Affected animals exhibited dyspnea, adynamia, orthopneic position, ptyalism, and normal rectal temperature. Postmortem examination of one affected cow revealed severe generalized pulmonary and mediastinal emphysema. Microscopically, mild to moderate thickening of the alveolar septa was observed, accompanied by increased infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. The alveoli contained abundant multinucleated giant cells distributed multifocally, along with occasional macrophages and neutrophils, and multifocal areas of intra-alveolar edema. The interlobular septa were expanded due to lymphatic distension, edema, and a mild diffuse infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes. Bacteriological cultures were negative. Although parainfluenza-3 virus was isolated from the lung tissue, immunohistochemistry (IHC) results were negative. The epidemiological context, pathological findings, and clinical signs were consistent with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, although its specific etiology could not be determined. Dairy production systems that utilize soil bedding may predispose animals to this condition, even though potential allergens were not assessed in this case. Nonetheless, this clinical and pathological presentation should be considered as a differential diagnosis for respiratory disease under similar production conditions.
publisher Universidad Nacional del Nordeste
publishDate 2025
url https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/8326
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first_indexed 2025-06-17T05:00:52Z
last_indexed 2025-06-17T05:00:52Z
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spelling I48-R154-article-83262025-06-06T22:16:40Z Presumptive hypersensitivity pneumonitis in dairy cattle: a case report Presunta neumonía por hipersensibilidad en ganado lechero Sosa, E. García, J. A. Bartolomé, J. Urtizbiria, F. N. Jauge, C. Morrell, E. L. Cantón, G. J. pneumonia bovine hypersensitivity multinucleated giant cells neumonía bovino hipersensibilidad células gigantes multinucleadas Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a pathological condition caused by the continuous inhalation of various antigenic compounds, leading to an exacerbated immune response and subsequent lung injury. Although this condition has been reported in several animal species, it has not yet been documented in cattle in South America. This report describes a case that occurred in 2020 on a dairy farm operating under a dry-lot system with soil bedding, located in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. An increased frequency of respiratory cases was observed among lactating cows, occasionally resulting in death. Affected animals exhibited dyspnea, adynamia, orthopneic position, ptyalism, and normal rectal temperature. Postmortem examination of one affected cow revealed severe generalized pulmonary and mediastinal emphysema. Microscopically, mild to moderate thickening of the alveolar septa was observed, accompanied by increased infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. The alveoli contained abundant multinucleated giant cells distributed multifocally, along with occasional macrophages and neutrophils, and multifocal areas of intra-alveolar edema. The interlobular septa were expanded due to lymphatic distension, edema, and a mild diffuse infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes. Bacteriological cultures were negative. Although parainfluenza-3 virus was isolated from the lung tissue, immunohistochemistry (IHC) results were negative. The epidemiological context, pathological findings, and clinical signs were consistent with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, although its specific etiology could not be determined. Dairy production systems that utilize soil bedding may predispose animals to this condition, even though potential allergens were not assessed in this case. Nonetheless, this clinical and pathological presentation should be considered as a differential diagnosis for respiratory disease under similar production conditions. La neumonitis por hipersensibilidad es una condición patológica que ocurre debido a la inhalación continua de diferentes compuestos antigénicos y una respuesta inmune exacerbada causando lesión pulmonar. Aunque esta condición ha sido reportada en diferentes especies animales, no ha sido reportada en bovinos de Sudamérica. Este trabajo describe un caso registrado en un tambo con corral seco con un sistema de cama de suelo en la provincia de Buenos Aires en 2020. Un aumento del número de casos de enfermedad respiratoria fue detectado en vacas lecheras con ocasional muerte. Los animales afectados mostraron disnea, adinamia, posición ortopneica, ptialismo y temperatura rectal normal. Durante el examen post mortem de una de las vacas afectadas, se observó un enfisema generalizado pulmonar y mediastínico severo. Histopatológicamente, se observó un engrosamiento leve a moderado de los septos alveolares con aumento de la celularidad (linfocitos, macrófagos y neutrófilos). Los alvéolos estaban llenos de abundantes células gigantes multinucleadas distribuidas multifocalmente, con macrófagos y neutrófilos ocasionales y parches multifocales de edema intraalveolar. Los septos interlobulillares se expandieron por distensión linfática, edema y leve infiltrado difuso de macrófagos y linfocitos. Los cultivos bacteriológicos fueron negativos. Aunque se aisló el virus de la parainfluenza-3 del pulmón, la inmunohistoquímica fue negativa. Las condiciones epidemiológicas, los hallazgos patológicos y los signos clínicos fueron compatibles con neumonitis por hipersensibilidad, aunque lamentablemente no se pudo determinar su origen. Los sistemas lecheros con la inclusión de camas de tierra probablemente estén predispuestos a esta condición, aunque no se evaluaron alérgenos probables. No obstante, esta presentación clínica y patológica debe incluirse como un diagnóstico diferencial de la enfermedad respiratoria en condiciones de producción similares. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste 2025-06-06 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/8326 10.30972/vet.3628326 Revista Veterinaria; Vol. 36 Núm. 2 (2025); 1-9 1669-6840 1668-4834 spa https://revistas.unne.edu.ar/index.php/vet/article/view/8326/7893 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

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