Some Expressions of Inequality in Late Bronze Age Syria-Palestine

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The Near East along with the Nile valley are two of the first locations where institutional inequality appeared in the world –in these cases around thelate 4th millennium BCE. Syria-Palestine, as a combined region, was always peripheral to the historical and socio-political processes occurring in Lo...

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Autor principal: Pfoh, Emanuel
Formato: Artículo revista
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA 2022
Materias:
Siria-Palestina, Edad del Bronce Tardío, desigualdad, patronazgo
Acceso en línea:http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rihao/article/view/12306
Aporte de:
Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental de Universidad de Buenos Aires
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institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
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container_title_str Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental
language Español
format Artículo revista
topic Siria-Palestina, Edad del Bronce Tardío, desigualdad, patronazgo
spellingShingle Siria-Palestina, Edad del Bronce Tardío, desigualdad, patronazgo
Pfoh, Emanuel
Some Expressions of Inequality in Late Bronze Age Syria-Palestine
topic_facet Siria-Palestina, Edad del Bronce Tardío, desigualdad, patronazgo
author Pfoh, Emanuel
author_facet Pfoh, Emanuel
author_sort Pfoh, Emanuel
title Some Expressions of Inequality in Late Bronze Age Syria-Palestine
title_short Some Expressions of Inequality in Late Bronze Age Syria-Palestine
title_full Some Expressions of Inequality in Late Bronze Age Syria-Palestine
title_fullStr Some Expressions of Inequality in Late Bronze Age Syria-Palestine
title_full_unstemmed Some Expressions of Inequality in Late Bronze Age Syria-Palestine
title_sort some expressions of inequality in late bronze age syria-palestine
description The Near East along with the Nile valley are two of the first locations where institutional inequality appeared in the world –in these cases around thelate 4th millennium BCE. Syria-Palestine, as a combined region, was always peripheral to the historical and socio-political processes occurring in LowerMesopotamia and Egypt. Nonetheless, and albeit a little later, economic and political inequality did appear in the region, fully-blown at least by the EarlyBronze Age with the first urban centres. Regarding political inequality, personal relationships within the political communities and towards the exterior(dealing with higher powers) seem to have been the established and regular mode of political behaviour (no evidence of written laws, no evidence of stateapparatuses for controlling the population). Compared to Syria, Palestine possessed a much more modest urban development and less evidence of complexorganisations in the urban sites. Political practice is also conducted through personal relationships. It is therefore possible to argue for the existence of anative political ontology based on personal and hierarchical relationships like patron-client bonds. Politics were profoundly hierarchical (unequal) but alsobound by reciprocity, expressed by an exchange of protection and loyalty. This political ontology informed the divine and cosmological imagination as well:the human realm was incorporated into the divine realm, the Syrian king being the broker between the gods and his community. In Palestine, such brokerageis evidenced only for the human realm.
publisher Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA
publishDate 2022
url http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rihao/article/view/12306
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first_indexed 2023-06-27T21:21:23Z
last_indexed 2023-06-27T21:21:23Z
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spelling I28-R263-article-123062022-12-19T16:48:46Z Some Expressions of Inequality in Late Bronze Age Syria-Palestine Algunas expresiones de la desigualdad en Siria-Palestina durante la Edad del Bronce Tardío Pfoh, Emanuel Siria-Palestina, Edad del Bronce Tardío, desigualdad, patronazgo The Near East along with the Nile valley are two of the first locations where institutional inequality appeared in the world –in these cases around thelate 4th millennium BCE. Syria-Palestine, as a combined region, was always peripheral to the historical and socio-political processes occurring in LowerMesopotamia and Egypt. Nonetheless, and albeit a little later, economic and political inequality did appear in the region, fully-blown at least by the EarlyBronze Age with the first urban centres. Regarding political inequality, personal relationships within the political communities and towards the exterior(dealing with higher powers) seem to have been the established and regular mode of political behaviour (no evidence of written laws, no evidence of stateapparatuses for controlling the population). Compared to Syria, Palestine possessed a much more modest urban development and less evidence of complexorganisations in the urban sites. Political practice is also conducted through personal relationships. It is therefore possible to argue for the existence of anative political ontology based on personal and hierarchical relationships like patron-client bonds. Politics were profoundly hierarchical (unequal) but alsobound by reciprocity, expressed by an exchange of protection and loyalty. This political ontology informed the divine and cosmological imagination as well:the human realm was incorporated into the divine realm, the Syrian king being the broker between the gods and his community. In Palestine, such brokerageis evidenced only for the human realm. El Cercano Oriente, junto con el valle del Nilo, constituyen dos de las primeras locaciones en las que la desigualdad institucionalizada apareció por primera vez,alrededor de finales del IV milenio a.n.e. Siria-Palestina, como región combinada, fue siempre periférica a los procesos históricos y sociopolíticos que ocurríanen la Baja Mesopotamia y Egipto. No obstante, y aunque un poco más tarde, la desigualdad económica y política también apareció en la región, plenamentedesarrollada ya durante la Edad del Bronce Antiguo, con la aparición de los primeros centros urbanos. Las relaciones personales dentro de las comunidadespolíticas y hacia el exterior (el trato con los poderes superiores), parece ser el modo establecido y regular de comportamiento político (no hay pruebas de leyesescritas, ni de aparatos estatales para controlar a la población). En comparación con Siria, Palestina tiene un desarrollo urbano mucho más modesto y menosevidencia de organizaciones complejas en los sitios urbanos. Es posible argumentar, pues, acerca de la existencia de una ontología política autóctona basadaen las relaciones personales y jerárquicas, como los vínculos patrón-cliente. La política era profundamente jerárquica (desigual), pero también estaba ligada a lareciprocidad, expresada por un intercambio de protección y lealtad. Esta ontología política informaba también la imaginación divina y cosmológica: el reinohumano se incorpora al reino divino, siendo el rey sirio un intermediario (en realidad el único intermediario) entre los dioses y su comunidad. En Palestina,dicha intermediación se encuentra evidenciada sólo en el plano humano. Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA 2022-12-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo revisado por pares application/pdf text/html http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rihao/article/view/12306 10.34096/rihao.n23.12306 Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental; Núm. 23 (2022) 2683-9660 0325-1209 spa http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rihao/article/view/12306/10867 http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rihao/article/view/12306/10868 Derechos de autor 2022 Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental

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