The Last Days of El Amarna: Crisis, Transition and Restoration

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Contemporary and later sources reflect a series of socio-economic and political factors that exacerbated the government crisis during the reign of Akhenaten.Excessively centralizing the economy in the new capital, Akhetaten, along with the undoing of the natural inclusion of different social groups...

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Autor principal: Gestoso Singer, Graciela
Formato: Artículo revista
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA 2022
Materias:
Amarna, enfermedades, crisis, restauración
Acceso en línea:http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rihao/article/view/12305
Aporte de:
Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental de Universidad de Buenos Aires
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institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
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container_title_str Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental
language Español
format Artículo revista
topic Amarna, enfermedades, crisis, restauración
spellingShingle Amarna, enfermedades, crisis, restauración
Gestoso Singer, Graciela
The Last Days of El Amarna: Crisis, Transition and Restoration
topic_facet Amarna, enfermedades, crisis, restauración
author Gestoso Singer, Graciela
author_facet Gestoso Singer, Graciela
author_sort Gestoso Singer, Graciela
title The Last Days of El Amarna: Crisis, Transition and Restoration
title_short The Last Days of El Amarna: Crisis, Transition and Restoration
title_full The Last Days of El Amarna: Crisis, Transition and Restoration
title_fullStr The Last Days of El Amarna: Crisis, Transition and Restoration
title_full_unstemmed The Last Days of El Amarna: Crisis, Transition and Restoration
title_sort last days of el amarna: crisis, transition and restoration
description Contemporary and later sources reflect a series of socio-economic and political factors that exacerbated the government crisis during the reign of Akhenaten.Excessively centralizing the economy in the new capital, Akhetaten, along with the undoing of the natural inclusion of different social groups withinthe civil bureaucracy, the army, and the temples by the appointment of “new” and inexperienced officials, slowly undermined his authority. These measuresimplemented by Akhenaten, together with aggravating circumstances such as epidemics and/or diseases—which would have affected not only Egypt butalso several regions of the Levant—contributed to a crisis of power, the abandonment of the new capital, and the restoration of traditional cults in Thebesduring the reign of Tutankhamun. New archaeological evidence at Amarna allows us to interpret changes in burial patterns and in the practices of privateworship of ancestors and gods (at the popular level) as evidence of a complex economic-social and political phenomenon that arose during a time of crisis. Bythe beginning of Tutankhamun’s reign, the city of El Amarna was abandoned, and the new king attempted to implement a strategic policy of restoring thestate in three spheres: the social (the re-establishment of traditional families), the political (the ascendant power of Ay), and the economic (the delivery ofresources to the clergy of Amun). But the restoration that Tutankhamun inaugurated came at a great cost and could only be completed under Horemheb,who acted with the support of the army.
publisher Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA
publishDate 2022
url http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rihao/article/view/12305
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spelling I28-R263-article-123052022-12-19T16:48:46Z The Last Days of El Amarna: Crisis, Transition and Restoration Los últimos días de El Amarna: crisis, transición y restauración Gestoso Singer, Graciela Amarna, enfermedades, crisis, restauración Contemporary and later sources reflect a series of socio-economic and political factors that exacerbated the government crisis during the reign of Akhenaten.Excessively centralizing the economy in the new capital, Akhetaten, along with the undoing of the natural inclusion of different social groups withinthe civil bureaucracy, the army, and the temples by the appointment of “new” and inexperienced officials, slowly undermined his authority. These measuresimplemented by Akhenaten, together with aggravating circumstances such as epidemics and/or diseases—which would have affected not only Egypt butalso several regions of the Levant—contributed to a crisis of power, the abandonment of the new capital, and the restoration of traditional cults in Thebesduring the reign of Tutankhamun. New archaeological evidence at Amarna allows us to interpret changes in burial patterns and in the practices of privateworship of ancestors and gods (at the popular level) as evidence of a complex economic-social and political phenomenon that arose during a time of crisis. Bythe beginning of Tutankhamun’s reign, the city of El Amarna was abandoned, and the new king attempted to implement a strategic policy of restoring thestate in three spheres: the social (the re-establishment of traditional families), the political (the ascendant power of Ay), and the economic (the delivery ofresources to the clergy of Amun). But the restoration that Tutankhamun inaugurated came at a great cost and could only be completed under Horemheb,who acted with the support of the army. Las fuentes contemporáneas al reinado de Akenatón y de época posterior reflejan una serie de factores socio-económicos y políticos que intervinieron en elproceso de crisis de los mecanismos de gobierno. La excesiva centralización de la economía en la nueva capital, Aketatón, y la alteración de la inserciónnatural de los diferentes grupos de la sociedad en la burocracia civil, el ejército y los templos, mediante la designación de funcionarios “nuevos” y sinexperiencia, socavaron lentamente su gobierno. Estas medidas implementadas por Akenatón, junto con la existencia de epidemias y/o enfermedades, quehabrían afectado no sólo a Egipto sino también a varias regiones del Levante, habrían contribuido a una crisis de poder, al abandono de la nueva capital,y a la restauración de los cultos tradicionales en Tebas durante el reinado de Tutankamón. Los hallazgos arqueológicos recientes en El Amarna nos permitenalcanzar una visión integradora del cambio de los patrones de enterramiento (sustancialmente múltiples) y de las prácticas del culto privado a ancestros ydioses (a nivel popular), como un complejo fenómeno económico-social y político durante una época de cambios y crisis. A comienzos del reinado deTutankamón, la ciudad de El Amarna había sido abandonada y el nuevo rey iniciaba su política estratégica de restauración del estado, en tres ámbitos: social(el restablecimiento de las familias tradicionales), político (el ascendente poder de Ay, asociado con el clero de Amón en Karnak), y económico (la entrega derecursos al clero de Amón). Pero la política de restauración implementada por Tutankamón tuvo un gran costo socio-político y recién pudo ser concluida bajoel reinado de Horemheb con el apoyo del ejército. Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA 2022-12-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Artículo revisado por pares application/pdf text/html http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rihao/article/view/12305 10.34096/rihao.n23.12305 Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental; Núm. 23 (2022) 2683-9660 0325-1209 spa http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rihao/article/view/12305/10865 http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rihao/article/view/12305/10866 Derechos de autor 2022 Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental

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