Carencia de micronutrientes en rumiantes. Suplementación alternativa mediante el enriquecimiento de forrajes
The population growth and the increasing demand of animal source foods have contributed to the intensification of cattle production systems. The use of cattle manure as fertilizer in agricultural soils is an important source of metals, mainly due to the added in high rates of core mineral in animal...
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Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
2017
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| Acceso en línea: | http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_1474 http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_1474.dir/1474.PDF |
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I28-R145-HWA_1474 |
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dspace |
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Universidad de Buenos Aires |
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I-28 |
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R-145 |
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Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) |
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Español |
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spa |
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Micronutrientes Enriquecimiento Enmiendas orgánicas Rumiantes Micronutrientes Suplementación Carencia alimentaria Forrajes Patología |
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Micronutrientes Enriquecimiento Enmiendas orgánicas Rumiantes Micronutrientes Suplementación Carencia alimentaria Forrajes Patología Ramos, María Laura Carencia de micronutrientes en rumiantes. Suplementación alternativa mediante el enriquecimiento de forrajes |
| topic_facet |
Micronutrientes Enriquecimiento Enmiendas orgánicas Rumiantes Micronutrientes Suplementación Carencia alimentaria Forrajes Patología |
| description |
The population growth and the increasing demand of animal source foods have contributed to the intensification of cattle production systems. The use of cattle manure as fertilizer in agricultural soils is an important source of metals, mainly due to the added in high rates of core mineral in animal feed in confined production systems, have resulted in corresponding rise of trace elements in manure. In cattle grazing systems, the natural sources of minerals include forage and water. Therefore, the use of organic amendments rich in trace elements for the forage employed in animal nutrition is an alternative to the mineral supplementation by intravenous injection.\nThe main goal of this PhD Thesis was to evaluate the enrichment of forages with micronutrients by means of organic amendment and the corresponding absorption by ruminants. The results of the present study are presented in several chapters:a) Micronutrients in cattle manure coming from intensive production systems. In this Chapter, the evolution of the cattle industry towards the intensification of production systems was evaluated. In addition, the general characteristics of the intensive production systems and its effect on the composition of the manure were analysed, with special focus on the total content and bioavailability of micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Co and Mo).\nb) Micronutrients deficiency in extensive livestock production systems. In this Chapter the relevant sources of mineral deficiency were reviewed and some common deficiency cases in our country were described. Moreover, the total content and availability of micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Co, Mo and Se) were determined in soils corresponding to areas with mineral deficiency from Buenos Aires province.\nc) Forage enrichment with micronutrients: experience in plant pot and plot. In this Chapter the results from sowing tests were presented. In these tests, excrement coming from intensive production systems containing high concentration of micronutrients (Cu and Zn) was employed as organic amendment.d) Micronutrient metabolism in ruminants. In this Chapter, the release of minerals (Cu and Zn) in the rumen was evaluated by employing different forage mixtures with and without micronutrients fertilization.\nThe obtained results in the different tests conducted during this study led to the following conclusions:\n- The cattle manure coming from intensive production systems presented high total content of Cu and Zn related with the feed consumed by livestock. The sequential extraction for the speciation of these trace metals revealed a higher percentage of the soluble or exchangeable fractions compared with excrement obtained from extensive production systems without the use of mineral supplements.\n- The soil samples analysed presented Cu, Zn and Se concentration close to the lower limit of the normal range for agricultural land. The aforementioned samples were obtained from the Pampa area where a deficiency of such metals was reported. In addition, the sequential extraction showed that these soil samples contained low concentration of bioavailable Cu, Co and Mo whereas the concentration of bioavailable Zn changed significantly among the different samples measured.- The fertilization in plant pot showed positive results from the addition of cattle manure as organic amendments. An increase in the percentage of dry matter and an improvement in the growing parameters of the forage species employed were observed (Lolium Perenne and Trifolium Repens).- The addition of intensive cattle manure led to an increase in Cu and Zn concentration in the foliar biomass of the forage species analysed after 30 days from the sowing time. The increased uptake is favoured by the higher total content and the higher percentage of soluble fraction of such trace metals, provided by the excrement addition.- The results obtained in the fertilization tests showed the enrichment in Cu and Zn in the forages treated with excrement from intensive systems after 30 days from the sowing.\n- Besides, the response to the fertilization with organic amendments was better compared with the use of inorganic fertilizers (CuSO4 ? ZnSO4), regardless of the employed dosage.\n- The use of cattle manure coming from intensive production systems as fertilizers promoted the mobility and gradual release of trace elements from lower bioavailable fractions for plants (such as the fraction of metal complexed to organic matter or the inorganic fraction) obtained by sequential extraction.\n- The addition strategy, doses and persistence in the soils of CuSO4 and ZnSO4 are variables that influenced the incorporation of trace metals in the forages.\n- The forage samples obtained in the tests conducted in plots30 days after the different fertilizer treatments presented a concentration of Cu and Zn that would be adequate to cover the metal trace requirements in beef cattle. However, other variables concerning the animal and the diet should be considered.- Later sowing times (90 days after the treatment) showed variable results to the addition of organic amendments and inorganic fertilization.\n- The lower concentration of Cu and Zn in the foliar biomass measured at later sowing times for all the different fertilization treatments could be explained by the growing dynamics of the forage species, the aging of plant tissues and defoliation process.- The ruminal incubation of fresh forages (enriched with CuSO4 and ZnSO4 and without fertilization) showed high percentages of total dry matter degradability and high release percentages of Cu and Zn into the rumen at short incubation times (3 ? 9 h). Drying of the forage samples in an oven led to\na decrease in the dry matter degradability modifying the subsequent bioavailability of the nutrients.The use of cattle manure coming from intensive production systems as fertilizer contributed the uptake of Cu and Zn in forage species mainly due to the higher concentration and the higher content of bioavailable fractions of such trace metals in soils. Therefore, the use of those organic amendments reduces the risk of environmental pollution due to the excess of micronutrients. In addition, Cu and Zn deficiencies could be balanced in different cattle production areas. The micronutrients contribution to forage can supply the required minerals for cattle production, favoured by the high level of trace elements release in the rumen. |
| author2 |
Moscuzza, Carlos Hernán |
| author_facet |
Moscuzza, Carlos Hernán Ramos, María Laura |
| format |
Tesis doctoral Tesis doctoral acceptedVersion |
| author |
Ramos, María Laura |
| author_sort |
Ramos, María Laura |
| title |
Carencia de micronutrientes en rumiantes. Suplementación alternativa mediante el enriquecimiento de forrajes |
| title_short |
Carencia de micronutrientes en rumiantes. Suplementación alternativa mediante el enriquecimiento de forrajes |
| title_full |
Carencia de micronutrientes en rumiantes. Suplementación alternativa mediante el enriquecimiento de forrajes |
| title_fullStr |
Carencia de micronutrientes en rumiantes. Suplementación alternativa mediante el enriquecimiento de forrajes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Carencia de micronutrientes en rumiantes. Suplementación alternativa mediante el enriquecimiento de forrajes |
| title_sort |
carencia de micronutrientes en rumiantes. suplementación alternativa mediante el enriquecimiento de forrajes |
| publisher |
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_1474 http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_1474.dir/1474.PDF |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT ramosmarialaura carenciademicronutrientesenrumiantessuplementacionalternativamedianteelenriquecimientodeforrajes |
| _version_ |
1766017476864245760 |
| spelling |
I28-R145-HWA_14742019-09-25 The population growth and the increasing demand of animal source foods have contributed to the intensification of cattle production systems. The use of cattle manure as fertilizer in agricultural soils is an important source of metals, mainly due to the added in high rates of core mineral in animal feed in confined production systems, have resulted in corresponding rise of trace elements in manure. In cattle grazing systems, the natural sources of minerals include forage and water. Therefore, the use of organic amendments rich in trace elements for the forage employed in animal nutrition is an alternative to the mineral supplementation by intravenous injection.\nThe main goal of this PhD Thesis was to evaluate the enrichment of forages with micronutrients by means of organic amendment and the corresponding absorption by ruminants. The results of the present study are presented in several chapters:a) Micronutrients in cattle manure coming from intensive production systems. In this Chapter, the evolution of the cattle industry towards the intensification of production systems was evaluated. In addition, the general characteristics of the intensive production systems and its effect on the composition of the manure were analysed, with special focus on the total content and bioavailability of micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Co and Mo).\nb) Micronutrients deficiency in extensive livestock production systems. In this Chapter the relevant sources of mineral deficiency were reviewed and some common deficiency cases in our country were described. Moreover, the total content and availability of micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Co, Mo and Se) were determined in soils corresponding to areas with mineral deficiency from Buenos Aires province.\nc) Forage enrichment with micronutrients: experience in plant pot and plot. In this Chapter the results from sowing tests were presented. In these tests, excrement coming from intensive production systems containing high concentration of micronutrients (Cu and Zn) was employed as organic amendment.d) Micronutrient metabolism in ruminants. In this Chapter, the release of minerals (Cu and Zn) in the rumen was evaluated by employing different forage mixtures with and without micronutrients fertilization.\nThe obtained results in the different tests conducted during this study led to the following conclusions:\n- The cattle manure coming from intensive production systems presented high total content of Cu and Zn related with the feed consumed by livestock. The sequential extraction for the speciation of these trace metals revealed a higher percentage of the soluble or exchangeable fractions compared with excrement obtained from extensive production systems without the use of mineral supplements.\n- The soil samples analysed presented Cu, Zn and Se concentration close to the lower limit of the normal range for agricultural land. The aforementioned samples were obtained from the Pampa area where a deficiency of such metals was reported. In addition, the sequential extraction showed that these soil samples contained low concentration of bioavailable Cu, Co and Mo whereas the concentration of bioavailable Zn changed significantly among the different samples measured.- The fertilization in plant pot showed positive results from the addition of cattle manure as organic amendments. An increase in the percentage of dry matter and an improvement in the growing parameters of the forage species employed were observed (Lolium Perenne and Trifolium Repens).- The addition of intensive cattle manure led to an increase in Cu and Zn concentration in the foliar biomass of the forage species analysed after 30 days from the sowing time. The increased uptake is favoured by the higher total content and the higher percentage of soluble fraction of such trace metals, provided by the excrement addition.- The results obtained in the fertilization tests showed the enrichment in Cu and Zn in the forages treated with excrement from intensive systems after 30 days from the sowing.\n- Besides, the response to the fertilization with organic amendments was better compared with the use of inorganic fertilizers (CuSO4 ? ZnSO4), regardless of the employed dosage.\n- The use of cattle manure coming from intensive production systems as fertilizers promoted the mobility and gradual release of trace elements from lower bioavailable fractions for plants (such as the fraction of metal complexed to organic matter or the inorganic fraction) obtained by sequential extraction.\n- The addition strategy, doses and persistence in the soils of CuSO4 and ZnSO4 are variables that influenced the incorporation of trace metals in the forages.\n- The forage samples obtained in the tests conducted in plots30 days after the different fertilizer treatments presented a concentration of Cu and Zn that would be adequate to cover the metal trace requirements in beef cattle. However, other variables concerning the animal and the diet should be considered.- Later sowing times (90 days after the treatment) showed variable results to the addition of organic amendments and inorganic fertilization.\n- The lower concentration of Cu and Zn in the foliar biomass measured at later sowing times for all the different fertilization treatments could be explained by the growing dynamics of the forage species, the aging of plant tissues and defoliation process.- The ruminal incubation of fresh forages (enriched with CuSO4 and ZnSO4 and without fertilization) showed high percentages of total dry matter degradability and high release percentages of Cu and Zn into the rumen at short incubation times (3 ? 9 h). Drying of the forage samples in an oven led to\na decrease in the dry matter degradability modifying the subsequent bioavailability of the nutrients.The use of cattle manure coming from intensive production systems as fertilizer contributed the uptake of Cu and Zn in forage species mainly due to the higher concentration and the higher content of bioavailable fractions of such trace metals in soils. Therefore, the use of those organic amendments reduces the risk of environmental pollution due to the excess of micronutrients. In addition, Cu and Zn deficiencies could be balanced in different cattle production areas. The micronutrients contribution to forage can supply the required minerals for cattle production, favoured by the high level of trace elements release in the rumen. Fil: Ramos, María Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Buenos Aires, Argentina Moscuzza, Carlos Hernán Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Fernández Cirelli, Alicia Ramos, María Laura 2017-04-10 El crecimiento demográfico y la creciente demanda de alimentos de origen animal han originado una intensificación de los sistemas de producción ganadera. La aplicación de excretas de feedlot como fertilizantes a suelos agrícolas es una fuente relevante de incorporación de metales al suelo, debido principalmente a la suplementación mineral en las raciones de los animales engordados en confinamiento. En los sistemas pastoriles de producción ganadera, los proveedores naturales de minerales son las pasturas y el agua de bebida. Por lo tanto, la fertilización de los forrajes que consumen los bovinos con enmiendas orgánicas ricas en elementos traza, se presenta como una alternativa a la suplementación animal de minerales usualmente realizada vía sistémica.\nEl objetivo general del presente trabajo de Tesis Doctoral ha sido evaluar el enriquecimiento de forrajes destinados a rumiantes con micronutrientes mediante la aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas y su absorción a nivel ruminal.\nLos contenidos del trabajo de tesis incluyen:\na) Micronutrientes en excretas de sistemas intensivo de engorde bovino. En este Capítulo se evaluó en primer lugar, la evolución de la ganadería hacia la intensificación de sistemas ganaderos. Posteriormente se analizaron características generales de los sistemas intensivos de producción, producción de excretas y análisis de su composición, haciendo énfasis en el contenido total y biodisponibilidad de micronutrientes (Cu, Zn, Co y Mo). b) Carencia de micronutrientes en sistemas extensivos de ganadería bovina. En este Capítulo se realizó una revisión de los factores determinantes de carencias minerales y una descripción de los cuadros carenciales de presentación frecuente en nuestro país. Así mismo, se evaluó el contenido total y la biodisponibilidad de micronutrientes (Cu, Zn, Co, Mo y Se) en suelos de la provincia de Buenos Aires donde fue reportada la carencia. c) Enriquecimiento de forrajes con micronutrientes: prueba preliminar de fertilización en microcosmos y ensayo en parcelas. En estos capítulos, se presentan ensayos de fertilización, donde se utilizan excretas provenientes de sistemas intensivos de producción, ricas en micronutrientes (Cu y Zn), como enmiendas orgánicas. d) Metabolismo de micronutrientes en rumiantes. En este Capítulo se evalúa la liberación en rumen de elementos minerales (Cu y Zn), a partir de mezclas forrajeras con y sin tratamiento de fertilización con micronutrientes. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de los estudios realizados permiten concluir: - Las excretas provenientes de sistemas intensivos de producción bovina, presentan altos contenidos totales de Cu y Zn provenientes de la dieta. A partir del fraccionamiento secuencial de las mismas; se determinó un mayor porcentaje de fracción soluble o intercambiable de elementos traza respecto de excretas provenientes de sistemas extensivos de producción sin suplementación mineral.\n- Las muestras de suelos analizadas, presentaron valores de concentración total Cu, Zn y Se cercanos al límite inferior del rango considerado normal para suelos agrícolas, perteneciendo las mismas a zonas de la Región Pampeana donde se reportó la carencia de dichos minerales. Así mismo, a partir del fraccionamiento secuencial, se determinó que las muestras de suelo analizadas presentaron baja disponibilidad de Cu, Co y Mo; mientras que para Zn la biodisponibilidad vario considerablemente entre las distintas muestras.- A partir de la prueba preliminar de fertilización en macetas, se obtuvieron respuestas positivas al agregado de excretas como enmiendas orgánicas, habiéndose observado un incremento en el porcentaje de materia seca determinada por maceta, y una mejora en los parámetros de crecimientos de las especies forrajeras utilizadas (raigrás perenne y trébol blanco). - La incorporación de excretas provenientes de sistemas intensivo de producción, permite incrementar las concentraciones de Cu y Zn en la biomasa foliar de las especies forrajeras analizadas, 30 días post siembra de las mismas. Esta mayor asimilación de dichos metales traza, se ve favorecido por el mayor contenido total y mayor porcentaje de fracción soluble de dichos metales traza, aportado por las excretas a los suelos.\n- A partir de los resultados obtenidos del ensayo de fertilización en parcelas, se pudo corroborar el enriquecimiento de Cu y Zn en forrajes implantados a partir del agregado de excretas intensivas a los 30 días post aplicación de las mismas.- Así mismo, se obtuvieron mejores respuestas a la fertilización con enmiendas orgánicas respecto al uso de fertilizantes inorgánicos (CuSO4 ? ZnSO4), independientemente de la dosis utilizada. - La aplicación de excretas provenientes de sistemas intensivos a los suelos como fertilizantes, promueve un efecto sobre la movilidad y liberación gradual de elementos traza desde fracciones menos disponibles para las plantas (como las fracción unida a materia orgánica e fracción inorgánica) obtenidas por fraccionamiento secuencial.\n- La forma de aplicación, dosis y persistencias de sulfato de Cu y sulfato de Zn en los suelos luego de su aplicación, son factores que condicionan incorporación de dichos elementos trazas a los forrajes. - Las concentraciones determinadas de Cu y Zn en las muestras de forrajes obtenidas en las experiencias en parcelas 30 post aplicación de los diferentes tratamientos de fertilización, permitirían cubrir los requerimientos de dichos micronutrientes en bovinos de carne, debiendo también considerarse factores del animal y del alimento. - A tiempos de cosecha más tardíos (90 días pos aplicación de los tratamientos), se obtuvieron respuestas variables a la aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas y fuentes inorgánicas de fertilización.\n- La dinámica de crecimiento de las especies forrajeras, el envejecimiento de los tejidos de las plantas y la defoliación pueden explicar las menores concentraciones de Cu y Zn en la biomasa foliar a tiempos más tardíos de cosecha independientemente del tratamiento de fertilización aplicado. - La incubación ruminal de forrajes frescos (enriquecidos en Cu y Zn, y sin fertilización) mostró altos porcentajes de degradabilidad de la materia seca total acompañado por altos porcentajes de liberación de Cu y Zn al medio ruminal a tiempos cortos de incubación (3 ? 9 horas). El secado en estufa de las muestras de forraje disminuye la degradabilidad de la materia seca incubada afectando la disponibilidad posterior de nutrientes contenidos en el alimento.\nLa aplicación de excretas provenientes de sistemas intensivos de producción bovina como fertilizantes, favorece la incorporación de Cu y Zn en especies forrajeras debido principalmente a los mayores contenidos y aporte de formas biodisponibles de dichos metales a los suelos. De esta forma, la reutilización de dichas enmiendas orgánicas disminuye el peligro potencial de contaminación ambiental a partir del excedente de micronutrientes eliminados en excretas; como así también permite compensar carencias de Cu y Zn en zonas de cría de ganado vacuno. El aporte de micronutrientes a partir de los forrajes, permite cubrir los requerimientos minerales del ganado vacuno; hecho favorecido por la alta tasa de liberación ruminal de elementos traza a partir de los mismos. application/pdf Micronutrientes Enriquecimiento Enmiendas orgánicas spa Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/ Rumiantes Micronutrientes Suplementación Carencia alimentaria Forrajes Patología Carencia de micronutrientes en rumiantes. Suplementación alternativa mediante el enriquecimiento de forrajes info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis info:ar-repo/semantics/tesis doctoral info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_1474 http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_1474.dir/1474.PDF |