Estudios tendientes a establecer el comportamiento ambiental del insecticida clorpirifos en ambientes acuáticos de Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires

Tres Arroyos area is located Southwest Buenos Aires province. In this area, intensive agricultural practices take place with high yields of winter cereals and oilseeds. Anually, large\namounts of different plaguicides are employed, including organophosphates, in particular, chlorpyrifos. The effect...

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Autor principal: Alvarez, Melina Andrea
Otros Autores: Du Mortier Podestá, Cecile Marie
Formato: Tesis doctoral acceptedVersion
Lenguaje:Español
Inglés
Publicado: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_1343
http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_1343.dir/1343.PDF
Aporte de:
id I28-R145-HWA_1343
record_format dspace
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-145
collection Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)
language Español
Inglés
orig_language_str_mv spa
eng
topic Clorpirifos
Interacción con suelos
Tiempo de vida media
Biomarcadores bioquímicos
Biota acuática
Riesgo ecológico
Chlorpyrifos
Interaction with soils
Half-life
Molecular biomarkers
Aquatic biota
Ecological risk
Medio ambiente
Agua
Clorpirifos
Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires
Insecticidas
spellingShingle Clorpirifos
Interacción con suelos
Tiempo de vida media
Biomarcadores bioquímicos
Biota acuática
Riesgo ecológico
Chlorpyrifos
Interaction with soils
Half-life
Molecular biomarkers
Aquatic biota
Ecological risk
Medio ambiente
Agua
Clorpirifos
Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires
Insecticidas
Alvarez, Melina Andrea
Estudios tendientes a establecer el comportamiento ambiental del insecticida clorpirifos en ambientes acuáticos de Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires
topic_facet Clorpirifos
Interacción con suelos
Tiempo de vida media
Biomarcadores bioquímicos
Biota acuática
Riesgo ecológico
Chlorpyrifos
Interaction with soils
Half-life
Molecular biomarkers
Aquatic biota
Ecological risk
Medio ambiente
Agua
Clorpirifos
Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires
Insecticidas
description Tres Arroyos area is located Southwest Buenos Aires province. In this area, intensive agricultural practices take place with high yields of winter cereals and oilseeds. Anually, large\namounts of different plaguicides are employed, including organophosphates, in particular, chlorpyrifos. The effect of insecticides has been studied worldwide because of the great\nconcern with the effects that many of these compounds have on non- target organisms and the\nimpact they can have on water quality. The organisms that live in water bodies located in agricultural zones can be affected by chlorpyrifos and other organophosphate plaguicides at the nervous system level and other metabolic pathways. There are several studies on\nchlorpyrifos in Argentina but none in our study zone. Also, no studies have been performed regarding its behavior on solid matrices (soils, sediments) characteristic of our region.\nUnderstanding dissemination and behavior of this insecticide is crucial to assess its impact and final fate on the environment. In this thesis, studies of interaction and recovery of\nchlorpyrifos, pure and in commercial formulations, on solid matrices with different\nphysicochemical characteristics have been performed. In addition, half-life times have been\nevaluated on soils with different initial concentrations of chlorpyrifos. In aquatic\nenvironments of Tres Arroyos district, physicochemical analysis of water was conducted and\nconcentrations of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate) and chlorpyrifos were assessed and associated with local agricultural practices. Sediments and aquatic biota have been analyzed\nfor chlorpyrifos. The responses of Rhinella arenarum larvae exposed for up to 96 hours to water samples from Claromecó and Tres Arroyos have been studied. To complete these\nstudies, an assessment of the risk that this insecticide could create at the concentrations found\nin the study area was carried on. Studies of behavior on solid matrices show that recoveries of pure chlorpyrifos (98%)\nare lower on matrices with high organic matter contents and low pH. Recoveries depend on the initial concentrations applied. When a commercial formulation (48% chlorpyrifos) was\nassayed, recovery percentages increased with the initial concentration of up to 25 ppm. When\nconcentrations higher than 25 ppm were employed, recovery started to decrease. Half-time\nlifes of 15 and 6 days were determined for initial concentrations of 3 and 6 ppm of chlorpyrifos when persistence on an agricultural soil of Buenos Aires province was studied. In both cases degradation was 99,9 % after 21 days.\nWhen water and sediments from aquatic environments of Tres Arroyos where\nanalyzed for chlorpyrifos, seasonal variations were observed related to crops. The highest concentrations in water were observed in 2009, in winter and summer campaigns. Concentrations of chlorpyrifos in sediments were hard to relate to seasonal variations.\nIn the analysis of chlorpyrifos on local biota, results from Australoheros facetus\n(?chanchita?), Oligosarcus jenynsii (?dientudo?), Rhamdia quelen (?bagre sapo?), Mugil sp.\n(?lisa?) y Cyrtograpsus angulatus (?cangrejo de las rocas?) showed dependence in concentration of chlorpyrifos with the type of tissue and its lipid content. In all species, higher\nconcentrations were observed in brain, liver and gonads. In O. jenynsii and A. facetus, males were twice as contaminated as females, while in R. quelen, the opposite was observed. On the other hand, the highest concentrations were found in specimens of R. quelen and A. facetus, species that live near the bottom of streams. C. angulatus (cangrejo de las rocas) exhibited\nchlorpyrifos values up to 157 times smaller than fish species and did not show differences between males and females. Biochemical biomarkers responses on Rhinella arenarum larvae suggested that, even\nwhen water samples contained chlorpyrifos traces, primary target AChE was not affected.\nNevertheless, significant responses of CE, GST and GSH were obtained together with a strong antioxidant response of CAT, though we cannot rule out the influence of other pollutants not\ndetected in chemical analysis. In the assessment of nutrient (nitrate, phosphate) levels in water, we concluded that\nthey depend on a number of factors and are hard to predict. Nitrate levels did not vary significantly between winter and summer campaigns. On the other hand, phosphate\nconcentrations were extremely high all year round with maximums in spring and summer. Risk assessment revealed high levels of acute and chronic risk for some species of\naquatic invertebrates and vertebrates and potential risk for local population health.\n
author2 Du Mortier Podestá, Cecile Marie
author_facet Du Mortier Podestá, Cecile Marie
Alvarez, Melina Andrea
format Tesis doctoral
Tesis doctoral
acceptedVersion
author Alvarez, Melina Andrea
author_sort Alvarez, Melina Andrea
title Estudios tendientes a establecer el comportamiento ambiental del insecticida clorpirifos en ambientes acuáticos de Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires
title_short Estudios tendientes a establecer el comportamiento ambiental del insecticida clorpirifos en ambientes acuáticos de Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires
title_full Estudios tendientes a establecer el comportamiento ambiental del insecticida clorpirifos en ambientes acuáticos de Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires
title_fullStr Estudios tendientes a establecer el comportamiento ambiental del insecticida clorpirifos en ambientes acuáticos de Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires
title_full_unstemmed Estudios tendientes a establecer el comportamiento ambiental del insecticida clorpirifos en ambientes acuáticos de Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires
title_sort estudios tendientes a establecer el comportamiento ambiental del insecticida clorpirifos en ambientes acuáticos de tres arroyos, provincia de buenos aires
publisher Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
publishDate 2015
url http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_1343
http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_1343.dir/1343.PDF
work_keys_str_mv AT alvarezmelinaandrea estudiostendientesaestablecerelcomportamientoambientaldelinsecticidaclorpirifosenambientesacuaticosdetresarroyosprovinciadebuenosaires
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spelling I28-R145-HWA_13432019-09-25 Tres Arroyos area is located Southwest Buenos Aires province. In this area, intensive agricultural practices take place with high yields of winter cereals and oilseeds. Anually, large\namounts of different plaguicides are employed, including organophosphates, in particular, chlorpyrifos. The effect of insecticides has been studied worldwide because of the great\nconcern with the effects that many of these compounds have on non- target organisms and the\nimpact they can have on water quality. The organisms that live in water bodies located in agricultural zones can be affected by chlorpyrifos and other organophosphate plaguicides at the nervous system level and other metabolic pathways. There are several studies on\nchlorpyrifos in Argentina but none in our study zone. Also, no studies have been performed regarding its behavior on solid matrices (soils, sediments) characteristic of our region.\nUnderstanding dissemination and behavior of this insecticide is crucial to assess its impact and final fate on the environment. In this thesis, studies of interaction and recovery of\nchlorpyrifos, pure and in commercial formulations, on solid matrices with different\nphysicochemical characteristics have been performed. In addition, half-life times have been\nevaluated on soils with different initial concentrations of chlorpyrifos. In aquatic\nenvironments of Tres Arroyos district, physicochemical analysis of water was conducted and\nconcentrations of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate) and chlorpyrifos were assessed and associated with local agricultural practices. Sediments and aquatic biota have been analyzed\nfor chlorpyrifos. The responses of Rhinella arenarum larvae exposed for up to 96 hours to water samples from Claromecó and Tres Arroyos have been studied. To complete these\nstudies, an assessment of the risk that this insecticide could create at the concentrations found\nin the study area was carried on. Studies of behavior on solid matrices show that recoveries of pure chlorpyrifos (98%)\nare lower on matrices with high organic matter contents and low pH. Recoveries depend on the initial concentrations applied. When a commercial formulation (48% chlorpyrifos) was\nassayed, recovery percentages increased with the initial concentration of up to 25 ppm. When\nconcentrations higher than 25 ppm were employed, recovery started to decrease. Half-time\nlifes of 15 and 6 days were determined for initial concentrations of 3 and 6 ppm of chlorpyrifos when persistence on an agricultural soil of Buenos Aires province was studied. In both cases degradation was 99,9 % after 21 days.\nWhen water and sediments from aquatic environments of Tres Arroyos where\nanalyzed for chlorpyrifos, seasonal variations were observed related to crops. The highest concentrations in water were observed in 2009, in winter and summer campaigns. Concentrations of chlorpyrifos in sediments were hard to relate to seasonal variations.\nIn the analysis of chlorpyrifos on local biota, results from Australoheros facetus\n(?chanchita?), Oligosarcus jenynsii (?dientudo?), Rhamdia quelen (?bagre sapo?), Mugil sp.\n(?lisa?) y Cyrtograpsus angulatus (?cangrejo de las rocas?) showed dependence in concentration of chlorpyrifos with the type of tissue and its lipid content. In all species, higher\nconcentrations were observed in brain, liver and gonads. In O. jenynsii and A. facetus, males were twice as contaminated as females, while in R. quelen, the opposite was observed. On the other hand, the highest concentrations were found in specimens of R. quelen and A. facetus, species that live near the bottom of streams. C. angulatus (cangrejo de las rocas) exhibited\nchlorpyrifos values up to 157 times smaller than fish species and did not show differences between males and females. Biochemical biomarkers responses on Rhinella arenarum larvae suggested that, even\nwhen water samples contained chlorpyrifos traces, primary target AChE was not affected.\nNevertheless, significant responses of CE, GST and GSH were obtained together with a strong antioxidant response of CAT, though we cannot rule out the influence of other pollutants not\ndetected in chemical analysis. In the assessment of nutrient (nitrate, phosphate) levels in water, we concluded that\nthey depend on a number of factors and are hard to predict. Nitrate levels did not vary significantly between winter and summer campaigns. On the other hand, phosphate\nconcentrations were extremely high all year round with maximums in spring and summer. Risk assessment revealed high levels of acute and chronic risk for some species of\naquatic invertebrates and vertebrates and potential risk for local population health.\n Fil: Alvarez, Melina Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Buenos Aires, Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Melina Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias.Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua. (CETA). Buenos Aires, Argentina Fil: Alvarez, Melina Andrea. CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA). Buenos Aires, Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Du Mortier Podestá, Cecile Marie Alvarez, Melina Andrea 2015-08-07 El partido de Tres Arroyos se ubica en la zona sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Éste se caracteriza por ser una zona de agricultura intensiva con una elevada producción de cereales de invierno y oleaginosas. Anualmente se aplican elevadas cantidades\nde diferentes pesticidas entre los cuales se encuentran los organofosforados, particularmente el clorpirifos. El efecto de los insecticidas ha sido ampliamente estudiado a nivel mundial dado la gran preocupación de los efectos que muchos de estos compuestos producen sobre los\norganismos no-blanco y el deterioro que generan sobre la calidad de los recursos hídricos. Los organismos que habitan estos cuerpos de agua son afectados por el clorpirifos, y otros\ncompuestos organofosforados, a nivel del sistema nervioso y otras vías metabólicas que son\ncruciales para su supervivencia. En Argentina existen algunos trabajos que se refieren a este\ninsecticida, pero ninguno que se haya realizado en nuestra zona de estudio como así tampoco\nen los cuales se considere su afinidad o tiempo de vida media en suelos de nuestra región. Entender la diseminación y el comportamiento de este insecticida en el ambiente es\nclave para determinar su destino e impacto sobre el mismo. Por ello, a lo largo de esta tesis se han realizado estudios de interacción y recuperación de clorpirifos, puro y en una formulación comercial, con matrices sólidas (suelos, sedimentos) de diferentes características físicoquímicas;\nse ha evaluado el tiempo de vida media en suelos a distintas concentraciones\niniciales; se abordó el análisis físico-químico del agua y la concentración de nutrientes y clorpirifos, relacionando los resultados con las actividades agropecuarias de la zona; se ha estudiado también su existencia en sedimentos y biota acuática; se han analizado las respuestas de biomarcadores bioquímicos como herramientas de monitoreo en larvas de Rhinella arenarum expuestas hasta 96 horas a muestras de agua de Claromecó y Tres Arroyos.\nFinalmente se evaluó el riesgo que este insecticida estaría generando a las concentraciones halladas en nuestra zona de estudio.\nLos estudios de comportamiento sobre matrices sólidas muestran que el clorpirifos puro (98%) se recupera menos cuando los suelos poseen alto contenido de materia orgánica y bajo pH. Los porcentajes de recuperación del clorpirifos variaban según las concentraciones\niniciales empleadas, siendo menores a mayor concentración inicial del producto. Al analizarse\nel comportamiento de un formulado comercial (48% de clorpirifos), se observó el efecto contrario, ya que los porcentajes de recuperación aumentaron con el aumento de la concentración inicial aplicada sobre el suelo, hasta que se alcanzó una concentración aproximada de 25 ppm, a partir de la cual la recuperación comenzó a disminuir. Cuando se estudió la persistencia de esta formulación sobre un suelo agrícola de la provincia de Buenos Aires se observaron tiempos de vida media de 15 y 6 días para las concentraciones de 3 y 6\nppm respectivamente. En ambos casos se encontró una degradación del 99,9% a los 21 días. En relación a la concentración de clorpirifos en agua y sedimentos del partido de Tres Arroyos, se observó una variación estacional con los tipos de cultivos producidos en la zona.\nLos mayores valores de concentración en agua se observaron durante el año 2009, tanto en las campañas de invierno como de verano. En cambio en los sedimentos, las concentraciones fueron más variables y poco predecibles.\nEn los estudios realizados sobre la biota del lugar, los resultados en ejemplares de\nAustraloheros facetus (chanchita), Oligosarcus jenynsii (dientudo), Rhamdia quelen (bagre sapo), Mugil sp. (lisa) y Cyrtograpsus angulatus (cangrejo de las rocas) mostraron que la\nconcentración de clorpirifos variaba con el tipo de tejido y el contenido graso de los mismos. En todas las especies de peces analizadas se observó una mayor concentración del insecticida en cerebro, hígado y gónadas que son tejidos con alto contenido graso. En O. jenynsii y A.\nfacetus se observó que los machos se encontraban el doble de contaminados que las hembras, mientras que en la especie R. quelen se observó lo inverso, siendo en éstas de diez veces\nmayor. Por otra parte, las mayores concentraciones se hallaron en ejemplares de R. quelen (Bagre sapo) y A. facetus (Chanchita), que son especies que viven asociadas al fondo. El\ncangrejo de las rocas mostro valores de clorpirifos de hasta 157 veces menor que las especies de peces y no hubo diferencias entre sexos. Las respuestas de los biomarcadores bioquímicos en larvas de Rhinella arenarum mostraron que, si bien las aguas de la zona presentaron trazas de clorpirifos, no se afectó al\nblanco primario AChE. Sin embargo, se obtuvieron respuestas significativas de CE, GST y GSH además de una fuerte respuesta antioxidante de CAT, aunque no descartamos la posibilidad de presencia de otros contaminantes no detectados en el análisis químico. En el caso del estudio de niveles de nutrientes en agua, se llegó a la conclusión que estos\ndependen de una multiplicidad de factores y que son de muy difícil predicción. Los resultados\nmostraron por un lado, que los rangos de concentración de nitratos no variaron en las campañas de invierno y verano, y por el otro, que la concentración de fósforo fue sumamente elevada durante todo el año con picos en primavera y verano.\nFinalmente, nuestros resultados revelan que por un lado, existen niveles de riesgo agudo y crónico elevados para algunas especies de invertebrados y vertebrados acuáticos,\ncomo así también un riesgo potencial para la salud de la población local.\n application/pdf Clorpirifos Interacción con suelos Tiempo de vida media Biomarcadores bioquímicos Biota acuática Riesgo ecológico Chlorpyrifos Interaction with soils Half-life Molecular biomarkers Aquatic biota Ecological risk spa eng Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/ Medio ambiente Agua Clorpirifos Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires Insecticidas Estudios tendientes a establecer el comportamiento ambiental del insecticida clorpirifos en ambientes acuáticos de Tres Arroyos, Provincia de Buenos Aires info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis info:ar-repo/semantics/tesis doctoral info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_1343 http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_1343.dir/1343.PDF