Estudio del área corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales

The morphological and functional sexual dimorphism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) has been described in various species. There are also some reports about the seasonal variations of this axis. However there are no studies about sexual dimorphism and seasonal variations of this axis...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:
Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Gallelli, María Florencia
Otros Autores: Meikle, Ana
Formato: Tesis doctoral acceptedVersion
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_1342
http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_1342.dir/1342.PDF
Aporte de:
id I28-R145-HWA_1342
record_format dspace
institution Universidad de Buenos Aires
institution_str I-28
repository_str R-145
collection Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)
language Español
orig_language_str_mv spa
topic Eje hipotálamo-hipofisario-adrenal
Embriología
Anatomía
Histología
Fisiología
Caninos
Sexo
Variación estacional
Reproducción
spellingShingle Eje hipotálamo-hipofisario-adrenal
Embriología
Anatomía
Histología
Fisiología
Caninos
Sexo
Variación estacional
Reproducción
Gallelli, María Florencia
Estudio del área corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales
topic_facet Eje hipotálamo-hipofisario-adrenal
Embriología
Anatomía
Histología
Fisiología
Caninos
Sexo
Variación estacional
Reproducción
description The morphological and functional sexual dimorphism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) has been described in various species. There are also some reports about the seasonal variations of this axis. However there are no studies about sexual dimorphism and seasonal variations of this axis in the dog. Thus the objective of this study was to determine whether there are variations in the dog´s HPA hormones (adrenocorticotrophin [ACTH], alfa-melanocyte-stimulating hormone [?-MSH] and cortisol) according to the sex, gonadal status (neutered or not) and photoperiod (positive or negative) in basal condition (like anoestrus) and along the oestrous cycle.\nFurthermore, this study evaluated if the dog shows morphological sexual dimorphism of the corticotroph area of the pituitary gland and zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland; and determined whether these tissues show seasonal variations. The expression of oestrogen receptor alpha (ER?) in the corticotroph cells and zona fasciculata was also evaluated, as well as the progesterone receptor (PR) in the fasciculate zone.\nIn the hormonal assay, the population under study consisted in intact females (n=11), intact males (n=6), neutered males (n=5) and neutered females (n=6).\nThe morphological study was performed by means of an immunohistochemical analysis of pituitary and adrenal glands obtained in negative photoperiod (females [n = 7] and males [n = 7]) and positive photoperiod (females [n = 7] and males [n = 7]) for ACTH in the pituitary gland and for ER?, PR and for the ACTH receptor (melanocortin-2-receptor, MC2R) in the adrenal gland. Double immunofluorescence was performed to identify ER? in corticotrophs. The pituitary gland analysis included the proportion of corticotrophs per field, corticotroph cellular, nuclear, and cytoplasmic area, and their optical density. The RE? and PR expression was evaluated by the proportion of positive cells per field, and MC2R expression was evaluated through the optical density. In basal condition (intact males, neutered males, neutered females and intact females in anestrus) ACTH, ?-MSH and cortisol were not affected by the sex or the gonadal status. By contrast, cortisol showed greater values in negative photoperiod than in positive in all the studied groups (P<0.05) except for the intact females in anestrus. Along the oestrous cycle, all the studied hormones showed variations (P<0.0001). The greatest concentrations of ACTH were observed at proestrus, while ?-MSH and cortisol showed their greatest concentrations at oestrus. The three hormones decreased in diestrus. ACTH and cortisol concentrations were higher at negative photoperiod (P=0.04 and P<0.0001, respectively), while ?-MSH concentrations were higher at positive photoperiod (P=0.012), In the group of females oestradiol and progesterone correlated with ACTH (r=0.75, P<0.0001; r=0.34, P<0.01, respectively), ?-MSH (r=0.49, P<0.0001; r=0.52, P<0.0001, respectively) and cortisol (r=0.33, P<0.01; r=0.5, P<0.0001, respectively). The morphological study revealed that females had a greater proportion of corticotroph cells/total cells per field (p < 0.01). Both cellular and cytoplasmic areas of these cells were greater in females than in males in both photoperiods (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found for these parameters between photoperiods in either sex. Optical density of corticotrophs was greater in females than males in both photoperiods (p < 0.001) and greater in negative photoperiod than in positive photoperiod for both sexes (p < 0.001). ER? was identified in the adrenal zona fasciculata and expressed at higher levels in females than in males (p < 0.001). The optical density of MC2R immunostaining was greater in females than in males (p < 0.001). Immunostaining for PR was not found. The expression of both receptors was greater in negative photoperiod in both males and ?Estudio del ára corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales? Página 12\nfemales (p < 0.001). ER? was identified in some corticotrophs; however, a quantitative analysis was not conducted because of low expression. These results provide evidence that the dog shows both morphological and functional sexual dimorphism of the HPA axis. Furthermore, these findings are the first to demonstrate ER? expression in corticotrophs and the adrenal cortex in this species, suggesting a site for oestradiol action. Binding to its receptor, oestradiol could exert a regulatory action on the HPA axis. There are also hormonal and morphological differences between photoperiods, which could be related to climatic or metabolic adaptations that remain to be studied.
author2 Meikle, Ana
author_facet Meikle, Ana
Gallelli, María Florencia
format Tesis doctoral
Tesis doctoral
acceptedVersion
author Gallelli, María Florencia
author_sort Gallelli, María Florencia
title Estudio del área corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales
title_short Estudio del área corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales
title_full Estudio del área corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales
title_fullStr Estudio del área corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales
title_full_unstemmed Estudio del área corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales
title_sort estudio del área corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales
publisher Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
publishDate 2015
url http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_1342
http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_1342.dir/1342.PDF
work_keys_str_mv AT gallellimariaflorencia estudiodelareacorticotropadelperroenrelacionalsexoyvariacionesestacionales
_version_ 1766017466441400320
spelling I28-R145-HWA_13422019-09-25 The morphological and functional sexual dimorphism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) has been described in various species. There are also some reports about the seasonal variations of this axis. However there are no studies about sexual dimorphism and seasonal variations of this axis in the dog. Thus the objective of this study was to determine whether there are variations in the dog´s HPA hormones (adrenocorticotrophin [ACTH], alfa-melanocyte-stimulating hormone [?-MSH] and cortisol) according to the sex, gonadal status (neutered or not) and photoperiod (positive or negative) in basal condition (like anoestrus) and along the oestrous cycle.\nFurthermore, this study evaluated if the dog shows morphological sexual dimorphism of the corticotroph area of the pituitary gland and zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland; and determined whether these tissues show seasonal variations. The expression of oestrogen receptor alpha (ER?) in the corticotroph cells and zona fasciculata was also evaluated, as well as the progesterone receptor (PR) in the fasciculate zone.\nIn the hormonal assay, the population under study consisted in intact females (n=11), intact males (n=6), neutered males (n=5) and neutered females (n=6).\nThe morphological study was performed by means of an immunohistochemical analysis of pituitary and adrenal glands obtained in negative photoperiod (females [n = 7] and males [n = 7]) and positive photoperiod (females [n = 7] and males [n = 7]) for ACTH in the pituitary gland and for ER?, PR and for the ACTH receptor (melanocortin-2-receptor, MC2R) in the adrenal gland. Double immunofluorescence was performed to identify ER? in corticotrophs. The pituitary gland analysis included the proportion of corticotrophs per field, corticotroph cellular, nuclear, and cytoplasmic area, and their optical density. The RE? and PR expression was evaluated by the proportion of positive cells per field, and MC2R expression was evaluated through the optical density. In basal condition (intact males, neutered males, neutered females and intact females in anestrus) ACTH, ?-MSH and cortisol were not affected by the sex or the gonadal status. By contrast, cortisol showed greater values in negative photoperiod than in positive in all the studied groups (P<0.05) except for the intact females in anestrus. Along the oestrous cycle, all the studied hormones showed variations (P<0.0001). The greatest concentrations of ACTH were observed at proestrus, while ?-MSH and cortisol showed their greatest concentrations at oestrus. The three hormones decreased in diestrus. ACTH and cortisol concentrations were higher at negative photoperiod (P=0.04 and P<0.0001, respectively), while ?-MSH concentrations were higher at positive photoperiod (P=0.012), In the group of females oestradiol and progesterone correlated with ACTH (r=0.75, P<0.0001; r=0.34, P<0.01, respectively), ?-MSH (r=0.49, P<0.0001; r=0.52, P<0.0001, respectively) and cortisol (r=0.33, P<0.01; r=0.5, P<0.0001, respectively). The morphological study revealed that females had a greater proportion of corticotroph cells/total cells per field (p < 0.01). Both cellular and cytoplasmic areas of these cells were greater in females than in males in both photoperiods (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found for these parameters between photoperiods in either sex. Optical density of corticotrophs was greater in females than males in both photoperiods (p < 0.001) and greater in negative photoperiod than in positive photoperiod for both sexes (p < 0.001). ER? was identified in the adrenal zona fasciculata and expressed at higher levels in females than in males (p < 0.001). The optical density of MC2R immunostaining was greater in females than in males (p < 0.001). Immunostaining for PR was not found. The expression of both receptors was greater in negative photoperiod in both males and ?Estudio del ára corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales? Página 12\nfemales (p < 0.001). ER? was identified in some corticotrophs; however, a quantitative analysis was not conducted because of low expression. These results provide evidence that the dog shows both morphological and functional sexual dimorphism of the HPA axis. Furthermore, these findings are the first to demonstrate ER? expression in corticotrophs and the adrenal cortex in this species, suggesting a site for oestradiol action. Binding to its receptor, oestradiol could exert a regulatory action on the HPA axis. There are also hormonal and morphological differences between photoperiods, which could be related to climatic or metabolic adaptations that remain to be studied. Fil: Gallelli, María Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Meikle, Ana Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Castillo, Víctor Alejandro Gallelli, María Florencia 2015-12-18 El dimorfismo sexual tanto morfológico como funcional del eje hipotalamo-hipofisario-adrenal ha sido descripto en diversas especies; así como también existen reportes acerca de la influencia de la estacionalidad sobre dicho eje. Sin embargo, no existen estudios que analicen estas caracteristicas en el perro. Por lo tanto el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si en el perro existen variaciones en las hormonas del eje HHA (adrenocorticotrofina [ACTH], melanotrofina-alfa [?-MSH] y cortisol) de acuerdo al sexo, estatus gonadal (castrado o no) y al fotoperiodo (positivo o negativo) en condiciones basales (anestro) y durante el ciclo estral. Asimismo se propuso evaluar si en el perro existe dimorfismo sexual morfológico del área corticotropa de la hipófisis y de la zona fascicular de la corteza adrenal; y si el mismo se ve afectado por la estacionalidad. Además se evaluó si el receptor de estrógenos alfa (RE?) se expresa en los tejidos mencionados y si el receptor de progesterona (RP) se expresa en la zona fascicular adrenal.\nEn el caso del análisis hormonal, la población de estudio consistió en perras no castradas (n=11), perros machos no castrados (n=6), machos castrados (n=5) y hembras castradas (n=6).\nEl estudio morfológico se realizó mediante un análisis inmunohistoquímico en hipófisis y adrenales obtenidas en fotoperiodo negativo (hembras [n=7] y machos [n=7]) y en fotoperiodo positivo (hembras [n=7] y machos [n=7]), para ACTH en hipófisis, y para RE?, el RP y el receptor para ACTH (melanocortin-2-receptor, MC2R) en la glándula adrenal. Se realizó una doble inmunofluorescencia para poder co-localizar al RE? y a la ACTH (para poder identificar si las células corticotropas expresan dicho receptor). En hipófisis se analizó la proporción de células corticotropas por campo, su área celular, citoplasmática y nuclear, y la densidad óptica de su inmunomarcación. La expresión del RE? y RP se analizó mediante la proporción de células positivas por campo y la del MC2R mediante la densidad óptica. En condiciones basales (machos castrados y no castrados, hembras castradas y hembras en anestro) la ACTH, la ?-MSH y el cortisol no se vieron afectados por el sexo ni el estatus gonadal. Por el contrario, el cortisol se encontró más elevado en el fotoperiodo negativo que en el positivo en todos los grupos (P<0.05), excepto en las hembras en anestro. Durante el ciclo estral, todas las hormonas estudiadas presentaron variaciones (P<0.0001). Las mayores concentraciones de ACTH se observaron en el proestro, mientras que la ?-MSH y el cortisol presentaron las máximas concentraciones en el estro. Las tres hormonas disminuyeron en el diestro. La ACTH y el cortisol se encontraron más elevadas en el fotoperiodo negativo (P=0.04 and P<0.0001, respectivamente), mientras que la ?-MSH fue mayor en el fotoperiodo positivo (P=0.012). En el grupo de perras no castradas, el estradiol y la progesterona correlacionaron con la ACTH (r=0.75, P<0.0001; r=0.34, P<0.01, respectivamente), ?-MSH (r=0.49, P<0.0001; r=0.52, P<0.0001, respectivamente) y el cortisol (r=0.33, P<0.01; r=0.5, P<0.0001, respectivamente). A partir del análisis morfológico se encontró que las hembras presentaron mayor cantidad de células corticotropas/totales por campo en ambos fotoperiodos (p<0.01). El área celular y citoplasmática de las mismas fue mayor en hembras que en machos en ambos fotoperiodos (p<0.001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en estos parámetros entre estaciones para ninguno de los sexos. La densidad óptica de las células corticotropas fue mayor en hembras que en machos en ambos fotoperiodos (p<0.001); así como también fue mayor en fotoperiodo negativo que en fotoperiodo positivo en ambos sexos (p<0.001). El RE? fue identificado en la zona fascicular adrenal, siendo su expresión mayor en hembras que en machos (p<0.001). La densidad óptica de la inmunomarcación para MC2R fue mayor en hembras que en machos (p<0.001). No se encontró inmunomarcación para RP. En ambos sexos la expresión de los dos receptores fue mayor en fotoperiodo negativo (p<0.001). El RE? fue identificado en algunas células corticotropas, pero dada su baja expresión no se realizó un análisis cuantitativo.\nEstos resultados evidencian que existe dimorfismo sexual tanto morfológico como funcional del eje HHA en el perro. Asimismo es la primera vez que se identifica la expresión del RE? en las corticotropas y corteza adrenal en dicha especie, postulándose un sitio de acción para el estradiol. De esta forma el estradiol podría tener un rol regulador sobre el eje HHA. Asimismo se obsevaron variaciones morfológicas y hormonales entre fotoperiodos, que podrían relacionarse con adaptaciones climáticas o metabólicas; las cuales quedan pendientes de estudio. application/pdf spa Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/ Eje hipotálamo-hipofisario-adrenal Embriología Anatomía Histología Fisiología Caninos Sexo Variación estacional Reproducción Estudio del área corticotropa del perro en relación al sexo y variaciones estacionales info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis info:ar-repo/semantics/tesis doctoral info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi?a=d&c=avaposgra&cl=CL1&d=HWA_1342 http://repositoriouba.sisbi.uba.ar/gsdl/collect/avaposgra/index/assoc/HWA_1342.dir/1342.PDF