Climate Factor in Cultural Transformations of Eurasia in the Mid-4Th – Mid-3Rd Millennia BC, and Possibilities of Creating an Absolute Chronology

Climate changes were the most important factor that stimulated migration in antiquity. It was they which led to the appearance of monuments of the megalithic tradition in the Northwestern Black Sea region (Usatovo), in the North Caucasus (Novosvobodnaya), in the Urals, and in Central Asia (Chemurche...

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Autor principal: Grigoriev, Stanislav
Formato: Artículo revista
Lenguaje:Español
Publicado: Centro de Estudios Históricos. UA CONICET 2024
Materias:
radiocarbon chronology
historical chronology
dendrochronology
Maikop-Novosvobodnaya
megaliths
catacombs
migration
dendrocronología
Maikop- Novosvobodnaya
megalitismo
catacumbas
clima
migración
cronología radiocarbónica
cronología histórica
Acceso en línea:https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/comechingonia/article/view/41815
Aporte de:
Comechingonia. Revista de Arqueología de Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
id I10-R319-article-41815
record_format ojs
institution Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
institution_str I-10
repository_str R-319
container_title_str Comechingonia. Revista de Arqueología
language Español
format Artículo revista
topic radiocarbon chronology
historical chronology
dendrochronology
Maikop-Novosvobodnaya
megaliths
catacombs
migration
dendrocronología
Maikop- Novosvobodnaya
megalitismo
catacumbas
clima
migración
cronología radiocarbónica
cronología histórica
spellingShingle radiocarbon chronology
historical chronology
dendrochronology
Maikop-Novosvobodnaya
megaliths
catacombs
migration
dendrocronología
Maikop- Novosvobodnaya
megalitismo
catacumbas
clima
migración
cronología radiocarbónica
cronología histórica
Grigoriev, Stanislav
Grigoriev, Stanislav
Climate Factor in Cultural Transformations of Eurasia in the Mid-4Th – Mid-3Rd Millennia BC, and Possibilities of Creating an Absolute Chronology
topic_facet radiocarbon chronology
historical chronology
dendrochronology
Maikop-Novosvobodnaya
megaliths
catacombs
migration
dendrocronología
Maikop- Novosvobodnaya
megalitismo
catacumbas
clima
migración
cronología radiocarbónica
cronología histórica
author Grigoriev, Stanislav
Grigoriev, Stanislav
author_facet Grigoriev, Stanislav
Grigoriev, Stanislav
author_sort Grigoriev, Stanislav
title Climate Factor in Cultural Transformations of Eurasia in the Mid-4Th – Mid-3Rd Millennia BC, and Possibilities of Creating an Absolute Chronology
title_short Climate Factor in Cultural Transformations of Eurasia in the Mid-4Th – Mid-3Rd Millennia BC, and Possibilities of Creating an Absolute Chronology
title_full Climate Factor in Cultural Transformations of Eurasia in the Mid-4Th – Mid-3Rd Millennia BC, and Possibilities of Creating an Absolute Chronology
title_fullStr Climate Factor in Cultural Transformations of Eurasia in the Mid-4Th – Mid-3Rd Millennia BC, and Possibilities of Creating an Absolute Chronology
title_full_unstemmed Climate Factor in Cultural Transformations of Eurasia in the Mid-4Th – Mid-3Rd Millennia BC, and Possibilities of Creating an Absolute Chronology
title_sort climate factor in cultural transformations of eurasia in the mid-4th – mid-3rd millennia bc, and possibilities of creating an absolute chronology
description Climate changes were the most important factor that stimulated migration in antiquity. It was they which led to the appearance of monuments of the megalithic tradition in the Northwestern Black Sea region (Usatovo), in the North Caucasus (Novosvobodnaya), in the Urals, and in Central Asia (Chemurchek) in the 4th – 3rd millennia B.C. This also caused the spread of the tradition of Yamnaya culture to Central Europe, the appearance of the Corded Ware cultures and many other changes. However, the general process of climate change could not be a trigger for migrations. These were short-term drastic climatic changes, which are recorded by dendrochronology. The latter can also be used as chronological markers, making it possible to create the Eurasian chronology independent of radiocarbon analyses, which have too wide confidence intervals. This approach made it possible to determine the date of the Yamnaya migration to the Carpathian Basin and the formation of the Corded Ware cultures ca. 2850 B.C., and the date of the Fatyanovo migration from Europe to the east ca. 2564 B.C. Unfortunately, the dates of the appearance of megaliths in the east are not determined with a similar accuracy, due to the impossibility to verify this with alternative sources. Their appearance can be dated to ca. the mid-4th millennium B.C. in Eastern Europe, in the last quarter of the 4th millennium B.C. in the Urals, and in the 24th century B.C. in Central Asia.
publisher Centro de Estudios Históricos. UA CONICET
publishDate 2024
url https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/comechingonia/article/view/41815
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spelling I10-R319-article-418152025-08-04T17:35:59Z Climate Factor in Cultural Transformations of Eurasia in the Mid-4Th – Mid-3Rd Millennia BC, and Possibilities of Creating an Absolute Chronology Factor climático en las transformaciones culturales de Eurasia a mediados del cuarto al Tercer Milenio A.C., y las posibilidades de crear una cronología absoluta Grigoriev, Stanislav Grigoriev, Stanislav radiocarbon chronology historical chronology dendrochronology Maikop-Novosvobodnaya megaliths catacombs migration dendrocronología Maikop- Novosvobodnaya megalitismo catacumbas clima migración cronología radiocarbónica cronología histórica Climate changes were the most important factor that stimulated migration in antiquity. It was they which led to the appearance of monuments of the megalithic tradition in the Northwestern Black Sea region (Usatovo), in the North Caucasus (Novosvobodnaya), in the Urals, and in Central Asia (Chemurchek) in the 4th – 3rd millennia B.C. This also caused the spread of the tradition of Yamnaya culture to Central Europe, the appearance of the Corded Ware cultures and many other changes. However, the general process of climate change could not be a trigger for migrations. These were short-term drastic climatic changes, which are recorded by dendrochronology. The latter can also be used as chronological markers, making it possible to create the Eurasian chronology independent of radiocarbon analyses, which have too wide confidence intervals. This approach made it possible to determine the date of the Yamnaya migration to the Carpathian Basin and the formation of the Corded Ware cultures ca. 2850 B.C., and the date of the Fatyanovo migration from Europe to the east ca. 2564 B.C. Unfortunately, the dates of the appearance of megaliths in the east are not determined with a similar accuracy, due to the impossibility to verify this with alternative sources. Their appearance can be dated to ca. the mid-4th millennium B.C. in Eastern Europe, in the last quarter of the 4th millennium B.C. in the Urals, and in the 24th century B.C. in Central Asia. Al estudiar los procesos históricos de la antigüedad, enfrentamos el problema de la cronología, ya que los intervalos de confianza de las fechas de radiocarbono son demasiado amplios, al igual que los tiempos de vida de determinados tipos de artefactos. Una solución puede ser estudiar la aparición de nuevas culturas como resultado de migraciones. Alrespecto, los cambios climáticos fueron uno de los estímulos más importantes de las mismas en la Antigüedad. El clima permite explicar la aparición de monumentos de tradición megalítica en la región noroccidental del Mar Negro (Usatovo), en el Cáucaso septentrional (Novosvobodnaya), en los Urales y en Asia central (Chemurchek) entre el cuarto y tercer milenio a.C., y también la propagación de la cultura Yamnaya en Europa central, la aparición de las culturas de la Cerámica Cordada (“Corded Ware”), entre otros cambios. Sin embargo, el proceso general de cambio climático no pudo ser el desencadenante de las migraciones, sino que estas fueron fomentadas por cambios climáticos drásticos a corto plazo registrados por la dendrocronología. Las ventajas de la aproximación dendrocronológica es que puede utilizarse como proxy temporal, de manera independiente a los análisis de radiocarbono, los cuales tienen intervalos de confianza demasiado amplios. El enfoque dendrocronológico permitió determinar la fecha de la migración Yamnaya a la cuenca de los Cárpatos y la formación de las culturas de la Cerámica Cordada hacia ca. 2910-2850 a.C., y la fecha de la migración Fatyanovo desde Europa central hacia el Este hacia ca. 2564 a.C. Desgraciadamente, las fechas de aparición de los megalitos en el Este no se determinan con una precisión similar, debido a la imposibilidad de verificarlo con fuentes alternativas. Su aparición puede fecharse hacia mediados del cuarto milenio a.C. en Europa Oriental, en los últimos siglos del cuarto milenio a.C. en los Urales y hacia mediados del tercer milenio a.C. en Asia Central. Centro de Estudios Históricos. UA CONICET 2024-08-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Analysis of chronology application/pdf https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/comechingonia/article/view/41815 10.37603/2250.7728.v28.n2.41815 Comechingonia. Revista de Arqueología; Vol. 28 No. 2 (2024): Comechingonia Revista de Arqueología; 251-272 Comechingonia. Revista de Arqueología; Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2024): Comechingonia Revista de Arqueología; 251-272 Comechingonia. Revista de Arqueología; v. 28 n. 2 (2024): Comechingonia Revista de Arqueología; 251-272 2250-7728 0326-7911 10.37603/2250.7728.v28.n2 spa https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/comechingonia/article/view/41815/46188 Derechos de autor 2024 Comechingonia. Revista de Arqueología https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

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