Necrotic cell death induced by δ-aminolevulinic acid in mouse astrocytes. Protective role of melatonin and other antioxidants
Accumulation of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), as it occurs in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), is the origin of an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can exert oxidative damage to cell structures. In the present work we examined the ability of different antioxidants to rever...
Guardado en:
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , , , |
| Formato: | Capítulo de libro |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
2003
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Registro en Scopus DOI Handle Registro en la Biblioteca Digital |
| Aporte de: | Registro referencial: Solicitar el recurso aquí |
| LEADER | 20608caa a22019097a 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | PAPER-4887 | ||
| 003 | AR-BaUEN | ||
| 005 | 20230518203429.0 | ||
| 008 | 190411s2003 xx ||||fo|||| 00| 0 eng|d | ||
| 024 | 7 | |2 scopus |a 2-s2.0-0037670869 | |
| 024 | 7 | |2 cas |a aminolevulinic acid, 106-60-5; caspase 3, 169592-56-7; catalase, 9001-05-2; glutathione, 70-18-8; lipocortin 5, 111237-10-6; malonaldehyde, 542-78-9; melatonin, 73-31-4; porphobilinogen deaminase, 9036-47-9, 9074-91-3; porphyrin, 24869-67-8; propidium iodide, 25535-16-4; superoxide dismutase, 37294-21-6, 9016-01-7, 9054-89-1; Aminolevulinic Acid, 106-60-5; Antioxidants; Melatonin, 73-31-4; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins | |
| 040 | |a Scopus |b spa |c AR-BaUEN |d AR-BaUEN | ||
| 030 | |a JPRSE | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Juknat, A.A. | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Necrotic cell death induced by δ-aminolevulinic acid in mouse astrocytes. Protective role of melatonin and other antioxidants |
| 260 | |c 2003 | ||
| 270 | 1 | 0 | |m Juknat, A.A.Beruti 3244 - 4 Piso - Dto. B, C 1425 BBP, Buenos Aires, Argentina; email: aajuknat@mail.retina.ar |
| 506 | |2 openaire |e Política editorial | ||
| 504 | |a Coyle, J.T., Puttfarcken, P., Oxidative stress, glutamate and neurodegenerative disorders (1993) Science, 262, pp. 689-695 | ||
| 504 | |a Olanow, C.W., A radical hypothesis for neurodegeneration (1993) Trends Neurosci, 16, pp. 439-444 | ||
| 504 | |a Mattson, M.P., Modification of ion homeostasis by lipid peroxidation: Roles in neuronal degeneration and adaptive plasticity (1998) Trends Neurosci, 21, pp. 53-57 | ||
| 504 | |a Finkel, T., Holbrook, N.J., Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing (2000) Nature, 408, pp. 239-247 | ||
| 504 | |a Raha, S., Robinson, B.H., Mitochondria, oxygen free radicals, disease and ageing (2000) Trends Biol Sci, 25, pp. 502-508 | ||
| 504 | |a Leist, M., Nicotera, P., Apoptosis, excitotoxicity and neuropathology (1998) Exp Cell Res, 239, pp. 183-201 | ||
| 504 | |a Tan, S., Wood, M., Maher, P., Oxidative stress induces a form of programmed cell death with characteristics of both apoptosis and necrosis in neuronal cells (1998) J Neurochem, 71, pp. 95-105 | ||
| 504 | |a Reiter, R.J., Tan, D.X., Acuña-Castroviejo, D., Melatonin: Mechanisms and actions as an antioxidant (2000) Current Topics in Biophysics, 24, pp. 171-183 | ||
| 504 | |a Reiter, R.J., Acuña-Castroviejo, D., Tan, D.X., Free radical-mediated molecular damage. Mechanisms for the protective actions of melatonin in the central nervous system (2001) Ann NY Acad Sci, 939, pp. 200-215 | ||
| 504 | |a Reiter, R.J., Tan, D.X., Manchester, L.C., Biochemical reactivity of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. A review of the evidence (2001) Cell Biochem Biophys, 34, pp. 237-256 | ||
| 504 | |a Barlow-Walden, L., Reiter, R.J., Abe, M., Melatonin stimulates brain glutathione peroxidase activity (1995) Neurochem Int, 26, pp. 497-502 | ||
| 504 | |a Antolin, I., Rodriguez, C., Sainz, R.M., Neurohormone melatonin prevents cell damage: Effect on gene expression for antioxidant enzymes (1996) FASEB J, 10, pp. 882-890 | ||
| 504 | |a Bettahi, I., Pozo, D., Osuna, C., Melatonin reduces nitric oxide synthase activity in the rat hypothalamus (1996) J Pineal Res, 20, pp. 205-210 | ||
| 504 | |a Kotler, M.L., Rodriguez, C., Sainz, R.M., Melatonin increases gene expression for antioxidant enzymes in rat brain cortex (1998) J Pineal Res, 24, pp. 83-89 | ||
| 504 | |a Crespo, E., Macias, M., Pozo, D., Melatonin inhibits expression of the inducible NO synthase II in liver and lung and prevents endotoxemia in lipopolysaccharide-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in rats (1999) FASEB J, 13, pp. 1537-1546 | ||
| 504 | |a Urata, Y., Honma, S., Goto, S., Melatonin induces γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase mediated by activator protein-1 in human vascular endothelial cells (1999) Free Radic Biol Med, 27, pp. 838-847 | ||
| 504 | |a Costa, E.J.X., Lopes, R.H., Lamy-Freund, M.T., Permeability of pure lipid bilayers to melatonin (1995) J Pineal Res, 19, pp. 123-126 | ||
| 504 | |a Reiter, R.J., Oxidative processes and antioxidative defense mechanisms in the aging brain (1995) FASEB J, 9, pp. 526-533 | ||
| 504 | |a Reiter, R.J., Antioxidant actions of melatonin (1997) Advances in Pharmacology, 38, pp. 103-117 | ||
| 504 | |a Reiter, R.J., Oxidative damage in the central nervous system: Protection by melatonin (1998) Progress in Neurobiology, 56, pp. 359-384 | ||
| 504 | |a Batlle, A.M., Del, C., Porphyrins, porphyrias, cancer and photodynamic therapy - A model for carcinogenesis (1993) J Photochem Photobiol B: Biol, 20, pp. 5-22 | ||
| 504 | |a Batlle, A.M., Del, C., Rossetti, M.V., Enzymic polymerization of porphobilinogen into uroporphyrinogens (1977) Int J Biochem, 8, pp. 251-267 | ||
| 504 | |a Hermes-Lima, M., Valle, V.G.R., Vercesi, A.E., Damage to rat liver mitochondria promoted by δ-aminolevulinic acid-generated reactive oxygen species: Connections with acute intermittent porphyria and lead-poisoning (1991) Biochim Biophys Acta, 1056, pp. 57-63 | ||
| 504 | |a Hermes-Lima, M., Castilho, R.F., Valle, V.G.R., Calcium-dependent mitochondrial oxidative damage promoted by 5-aminolevulinic acid (1992) Biochim Biophys Acta, 1180, pp. 201-206 | ||
| 504 | |a Vercesi, A.E., Castilho, R.F., Meinicke, A.R., Oxidative damage of mitochondria induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid: Role of Ca2+ and membrane protein thiols (1994) Biochim Biophys Acta, 1188, pp. 86-92 | ||
| 504 | |a Demasi, M., Penatti, C., Delucia, R., The prooxidant effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid in the brain tissue of rats: Implications in neuropsychiatric manifestations in porphyrias (1996) Free Radic Biol Med, 4, pp. 155-161 | ||
| 504 | |a Princ, F.G., Juknat, A.A., Batlle, A., Porphyrinogenesis in rat cerebellum. Effect of high δ-aminolevulinic acid concentration (1994) Gen Pharmac, 25, pp. 761-766 | ||
| 504 | |a Juknat, A.A., Kotler, M.L., Batlle, A., High δ-aminolevulinic acid uptake in rat cerebral cortex: Effect on porphyrin biosynthesis (1995) Comp Biochem Physiol, 111 C, pp. 143-150 | ||
| 504 | |a Princ, F.G., Juknat, A.A., Maxit, A.G., Melatonin's antioxidant protection against δ-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative damage in rat cerebellum (1997) J Pineal Res, 23, pp. 40-46 | ||
| 504 | |a Princ, F.G., Maxit, A.G., Cardalda, C.A., In vivo protection by melatonin against δ-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative damage and its antioxidant effect on the activity of haem enzymes (1998) J Pineal Res, 24, pp. 1-8 | ||
| 504 | |a Booher, J., Sensenbrenner, M., Growth cultivation of dissociated neurons and glial cells from embryonic chick, rat and human brain in flask cultures (1972) Neurobiology, 2, pp. 97-105 | ||
| 504 | |a Bradford, M.M., A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding (1976) Anal Biochem, 72, pp. 248-254 | ||
| 504 | |a Mauzerall, D., Granick, S., The occurrence and determination of delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen in urine (1956) J Biol Chem, 219, pp. 435-446 | ||
| 504 | |a Buege, J.A., Aust, S.D., Microsomal lipid peroxidation (1978) Methods Enzymol, 52, pp. 302-310 | ||
| 504 | |a Marnett, L.J., Oxyradicals DNA damage (2000) Carcinogenesis, 21, pp. 361-370 | ||
| 504 | |a Carneiro, R.C.G., Reiter, R.J., Melatonin protects against lipid peroxidation induced by δ-aminolevulinic acid in rat cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus (1998) Neuroscience, 82, pp. 293-299 | ||
| 504 | |a Melchiorri, D., Reiter, R.J., Sewerynek, E., Melatonin reduces kainate-induced lipid peroxidation in homogenates of different brain regions (1995) FASEB J, 9, pp. 1205-1210 | ||
| 504 | |a Princ, F.G., Juknat, A.A., Amitrano, A.A., Effect of reactive oxygen species promoted by δ-aminolevulinic acid on porphyrin biosynthesis and glucose uptake in rat cerebellum (1998) Gen Pharmac, 31, pp. 143-148 | ||
| 504 | |a Desagher, S., Glowinski, J., Premont, J., Astrocytes protect neurons from hydrogen peroxide toxicity (1996) J Neurosci, 16, pp. 2553-2562 | ||
| 504 | |a Peuchen, S., Bolaños, J.P., Heales, S.J.R., Interrelationships between astrocyte function, oxidative stress and antioxidant status within the central nervous system (1997) Progress in Neurobiology, 52, pp. 261-281 | ||
| 504 | |a Woods, J.S., Attenuation of porphyrinogen oxidation by glutathione in vitro and reversal by porphyrinogenic trace metals (1988) Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 152, pp. 1428-1434 | ||
| 504 | |a Kim, S.J., Reiter, R.J., Qi, W., Melatonin prevents oxidative damage to protein and lipid induced by ascorbate-Fe3+-EDTA: Comparison with glutathione and α-tocopherol (2000) Neuroendocrinology Letters, 21, pp. 269-276 | ||
| 504 | |a Seater, A.F.G., Stefan, C., Nobel, I., Intracellular redox changes during apoptosis (1996) Cell Death Differ, 3, pp. 57-62 | ||
| 504 | |a Quaglino, A., Armanino, M.V., Kotler, M.L., Juknai, A.A., Hydrogen peroxide induces apoptosis in astrocytes. Activation of caspase 8 and caspase 3 (2001) J Neurochem, 78 (SUPPL. 1), p. 126 | ||
| 504 | |a Bonkowsky, H.L., Schady, W., Neurologic manifestations of acute porphyria (1982) Semin Liver Dis, 2, pp. 108-124 | ||
| 504 | |a Yeung Laiwah, A.C., Moore, M.R., Goldberg, A., Pathogenesis of acute porphyria (1987) Q J Med, 63, pp. 377-392 | ||
| 504 | |a Woeansky, M.J., Juknat, A.A., Kotler, M.L., Effect of δ-aminolevulinic acid administration on porphobilinogen levels and porphyrin metabolism in the rat (1995) Pharmacol Commun, 7, pp. 51-59 | ||
| 504 | |a Onuki, J., Medeiros, M.H.G., Bechara, E.J.H., 5-Aminolevulinic acid induces single-strand breaks in plasmid pBR322 DNA in the presence of Fe2+ ions (1993) Biochim Biophys Acta, 1225, pp. 259-263 | ||
| 504 | |a Eraga, C.G., Onuki, J., Lucesoli, F., 5-Aminolevulinic acid mediates the in vivo and in vitro formation of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in DNA (1994) Carcinogenesis, 15, pp. 2241-2244 | ||
| 504 | |a Douki, T., Onuki, J., Medeiros, M.H., Hydroxyl radicals are involved in the oxidation of isolated and cellular DNA bases by 5-aminolevulinic acid (1998) FEBS Lett, 428, pp. 93-96 | ||
| 504 | |a Qi, W., Reiter, R.J., Tan, D.X., Melatonin prevents δ-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative DNA damage in the presence of Fe2+ (2001) Mol Cel Biochem, 218, pp. 87-92 | ||
| 504 | |a Bechara, E.J.H., Oxidative stress in acute intermittent porphyria and lead poisoning may be triggered by 5-aminolevulinic acid (1996) Braz J Med Biol Res, 29, pp. 841-851 | ||
| 504 | |a Batlle, A.M., Del, C., Riley, P.A., Abnormality of heme synthesis as the initial lesion in carcinogenesis (1991) Cancer J, 4, pp. 326-331 | ||
| 504 | |a Montgomery, D.L., Astrocytes: Form, functions and roles in disease (1994) Vet Pathol, 31, pp. 145-167 | ||
| 504 | |a Araque, A., Parpura, V., Sanzgiri, R.P., Tripartite synapses: Glia, the unacknowledged partner (1999) Trends Neurosci, 22, pp. 208-215 | ||
| 504 | |a Aschner, M., Astrocytes as mediators of immune and inflammatory responses in the CNS (1998) Neuro Toxicology, 19, pp. 269-282 | ||
| 504 | |a Raps, S.P., Lai, J.C.K., Hertz, L., Glutathione is present in high concentration in cultured astrocytes but not in cultured neurons (1989) Brain Res, 493, pp. 398-401 | ||
| 504 | |a Sagara, J., Miura, K., Bannai, S., Maintenance of neuronal glutathione by glial cells (1993) J Neurochem, 61, pp. 1672-1676 | ||
| 504 | |a Makar, T.K., Nedergaard, M., Preuss, A., Vitamin E, ascorbate, glutathione, glutathione disulfide and enzymes of glutathione metabolism in cultures of chick astrocytes and neurones: Evidence that astrocytes play an important role in antioxidative processes in the brain (1994) J Neurochem, 62, pp. 45-53 | ||
| 504 | |a Iwata-Ichikawa, E., Kondo, Y., Miyazaki, I., Glial cells protect neurons against oxidative stress via transcriptional up-regulation of the glutathione synthesis (1999) J Neurochem, 72, pp. 2334-2344 | ||
| 504 | |a Dringen, R., Gutterer, J.M., Hirrlinger, J., Glutathione metabolism in the brain. Metabolic interaction between astrocytes and neurons in the defense against reactive oxygen species (2000) Eur J Biochem, 267, pp. 4912-4916 | ||
| 504 | |a Borlongan, C.V., Yamamoto, M., Takei, N., Glial cell survival is enhanced during melatonin-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia (2000) FASEB J, 14, pp. 1307-1317 | ||
| 504 | |a Stadtman, E.R., Protein oxidation and aging (1992) Science, 257, pp. 1220-1224 | ||
| 504 | |a Michiels, C., Raes, M., Toussaint, O., Importance of Se-glutathione peroxidase, catalase and Cu/Zn-SOD for cell survival against oxidative stress (1994) Free Radic Biol Med, 17, pp. 235-248 | ||
| 504 | |a Teixeira, H.D., Meneghini, R., Chinese hamster fibroblasts overexpressing CuZn-superoxide dismutase undergo a global reduction in antioxidants and an increasing sensitivity of DNA to oxidative damage (1996) Biochem J, 315, pp. 821-825 | ||
| 504 | |a Gitto, E., Tan, D.-X., Relier, R.J., Individual and synergistic antioxidative actions of melatonin: Studies with vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione and desferrioxamine in rat liver homogenates (2001) J Pharmacy Pharmacology, 53, pp. 1393-1401 | ||
| 504 | |a Sundaresan, M., Yu, Z.-X., Ferrans, V.J., Requirement for generation of H2O2 for platelet-derived growth factor signal transduction (1995) Science, 270, pp. 296-299 | ||
| 504 | |a Marshall, K.A., Reiter, R.J., Poeggeler, B., Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of melatonin in vitro (1996) Free Radic Biol Med, 21, pp. 307-315 | ||
| 504 | |a Medina-Navarro, R., Duran-Reyes, G., Hicks, J.J., Pro-oxidating properties of melatonin in the in vitro interaction with the singlet oxygen (1999) Endocr Res, 25, pp. 263-280 | ||
| 504 | |a Harms, C., Lautenschlager, M., Bergk, A., Melatonin is protective in necrotic but not in caspase-dependent, free radical-independent apoptotic neuronal cell death in primary neuronal cultures (2000) FASEB J, 14, pp. 1814-1824 | ||
| 504 | |a Kennedy, J., Pottier, R.H., Pross, D.C., Photodynamic therapy with endogenous protoporphyrin IX. Basic principles and present clinical experience (1990) J Photobiol Photochem B: Biol, 6, pp. 143-148 | ||
| 504 | |a Noodt, B.B., Berg, K., Stokke, T., Apoptosis and necrosis induced with light and 5-aminolevulinic acid-derived protoporphyrin IX (1996) Brit J Cancer, 74, pp. 22-29 | ||
| 504 | |a Fiedler, D.M., Eckl, P.M., Krammer, B., Does δ-aminolaevulinic acid induce genotoxic effects? (1996) J Photochem Photobiol B: Biology, 33, pp. 39-44 | ||
| 504 | |a Rebeiz, N., Arkins, S., Kelley, K.W., Modulator of heme biosynthesis induces apoptosis in leukemia cells (2001) J Clin Laser Med & Surgery, 19, pp. 59-67 | ||
| 504 | |a Poeggeler, B., Saarela, S., Reiter, R.J., Melatonin-A highly potent endogenous radical scavenger and electron donor: New aspects of the oxidation chemistry of this indole accessed in vitro (1994) Ann N Y Acad Sci USA, 738, pp. 419-420 | ||
| 504 | |a Poeggeler, B., Reiter, R.J., Hardeland, R., Melatonin, a mediator of electron transfer and repair reactions, acts sinergistically with the chain-breaking antioxidants ascorbate, trolox and glutathione (1995) Neuroendocrinol Lett, 17, pp. 87-91 | ||
| 504 | |a Reiter, R.J., Melatonin lowering the high price of free radicals (2000) News in Physiological Sciences, 15, pp. 246-250 | ||
| 504 | |a Duffy, S., So, A., Murphy, T.H., Activation of endogenous antioxidant defenses in neuronal cells prevents free radical-mediated damage (1998) J Neurochem, 71, pp. 69-77 | ||
| 504 | |a Puy, H., Deybach, J.C., Baudry, P., Decreased nocturnal plasma melatonin levels in patients with recurrent acute intermittent porphyria attacks (1993) Life Sci, 53, pp. 621-627 | ||
| 504 | |a Juknat, A.A., Rossetti, M.V., Batlle, A., Porphyrin biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis - IV. An endogenous factor controlling the enzymatic synthesis of porphyrinogens and its possible role in the treatment of some porphyrias (1981) Int J Biochem, 13, pp. 343-353 | ||
| 504 | |a Juknat, A.A., Doernemann, D., Senger, H., Biosynthesis of porphyrinogens in etiolated Euglena gracilis Z. I. Isolation and purification of an endogenous factor stimulating the formation of porphyrinogens (1988) Z Naturforsch, 43 C, pp. 351-356 | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a Accumulation of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), as it occurs in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), is the origin of an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can exert oxidative damage to cell structures. In the present work we examined the ability of different antioxidants to revert ALA-promoted damage, by incubating mouse astrocytes with 1.0 mM ALA for different times (1-4 hr) in the presence of melatonin (2.5 mM), superoxide dismutase (25 units/mL), catalase (200 units/mL) or glutathione (0.5 mM). The defined relative index [(malondialdehyde levels/accumulated ALA) x 100], decreases with incubation time, reaching values of 76% for melatonin and showing that the different antioxidants tested can protect astrocytes against ALA-promoted lipid peroxidation. Concerning porphyrin biosynthesis, no effect was observed with catalase and superoxide dismutase whereas increases of 57 and 87% were obtained with glutathione and melatonin, respectively, indicating that these antioxidants may prevent the oxidation of porphobilinogen deaminase, reactivating so that the AIP genetically reduced enzyme. Here we showed that ALA induces cell death displaying a pattern of necrosis. This pattern was revealed by loss of cell membrane integrity, marked nuclear swelling and double labeling with annexin V and propidium iodide. In addition, no caspase 3-like activity was detected. These findings provide the first experimental evidence of the involvement of ALA-promoted ROS in the damage of proteins related to porphyrin biosynthesis and the induction of necrotic cell death in astrocytes. Interestingly, melatonin decreases the number of enlarged nuclei and shows a protective effect on cellular morphology. |l eng | |
| 593 | |a Depto. de Quím. Biol., Fac. de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina | ||
| 593 | |a Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France | ||
| 593 | |a Beruti 3244 - 4 Piso - Dto. B, C 1425 BBP, Buenos Aires, Argentina | ||
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a Δ-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a ASTROCYTE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a GLUTATHIONE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a MELATONIN |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a AMINOLEVULINIC ACID |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a ANTIOXIDANT |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a CASPASE 3 |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a CATALASE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a GLUTATHIONE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a LIPOCORTIN 5 |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a MALONALDEHYDE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a MELATONIN |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a PORPHOBILINOGEN DEAMINASE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a PORPHYRIN |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a PROPIDIUM IODIDE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a ANIMAL CELL |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a ANIMAL TISSUE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a APOPTOSIS |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a ARTICLE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a ASTROCYTE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a BIOACCUMULATION |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a BIOSYNTHESIS |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a CELL DAMAGE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a CELL DEATH |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a CELL MEMBRANE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a CELL PROTECTION |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a CELL STRUCTURE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a CELL VIABILITY |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a CONTROLLED STUDY |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a ENZYME ACTIVITY |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a INCUBATION TIME |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a LIPID PEROXIDATION |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a MOUSE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a NONHUMAN |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a AMINOLEVULINIC ACID |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a ANIMALS |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a ANTIOXIDANTS |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a ASTROCYTES |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a CELL DEATH |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a LIPID PEROXIDATION |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a MELATONIN |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a MICE |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS |
| 690 | 1 | 0 | |a PORPHYRINS |
| 650 | 1 | 7 | |2 spines |a NECROSIS |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kotler, M.L. | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Quaglino, A. | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Carrillo, N.M. | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hevor, T. | |
| 773 | 0 | |d 2003 |g v. 35 |h pp. 1-11 |k n. 1 |p J. Pineal Res. |x 07423098 |t Journal of Pineal Research | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |u https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037670869&doi=10.1034%2fj.1600-079X.2003.00030.x&partnerID=40&md5=7df9cfef49fe73641098698f573cec93 |y Registro en Scopus |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2003.00030.x |y DOI |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/paper_07423098_v35_n1_p1_Juknat |y Handle |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_07423098_v35_n1_p1_Juknat |y Registro en la Biblioteca Digital |
| 961 | |a paper_07423098_v35_n1_p1_Juknat |b paper |c PE | ||
| 962 | |a info:eu-repo/semantics/article |a info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo |b info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | ||