Sequential predictability of the scanning behaviour of greater rheas, Rhea americana

Some models that predict the scanning pattern to maximise the probability of predator detection by prey assume sequential randomness (i.e. lengths of inter-scan intervals are independent of each other and of the length of scan events). Sequential randomness would prevent stalking predators synchroni...

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Autor principal: Carro, M.E
Otros Autores: Fernández, G.J, Reboreda, Juan Carlos
Formato: Capítulo de libro
Lenguaje:Inglés
Publicado: Taylor and Francis Ltd. 2011
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100 1 |a Carro, M.E. 
245 1 0 |a Sequential predictability of the scanning behaviour of greater rheas, Rhea americana 
260 |b Taylor and Francis Ltd.  |c 2011 
270 1 0 |m Carro, M. E.; Laboratorío de Ecologia y Comportamiento Animal, Departamento de Ecología, Pabellón II Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina; email: camariana@gmail.com 
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506 |2 openaire  |e Política editorial 
520 3 |a Some models that predict the scanning pattern to maximise the probability of predator detection by prey assume sequential randomness (i.e. lengths of inter-scan intervals are independent of each other and of the length of scan events). Sequential randomness would prevent stalking predators synchronising their attacks with long inter-scan intervals. We analysed the presence of sequential randomness in the scanning behaviour of the greater rhea (Rhea americana), a large flightless bird that forages solitarily or in groups. We analysed sequences of behaviour of 40 wild rheas, foraging solitarily or in groups of 2 to 17 individuals, in two populations in eastern Argentina. We used parametric (auto and cross-correlations) and non-parametric (runs and Spearman rank correlation) tests to detect dependence among intervals. We detected the temporal dependence of inter-scan intervals in 30 of 40 behavioural series, but only 11 of 40 sequences showed consistent dependence when tested using parametric and non-parametric tests. The temporal dependence detected in some individual sequences would still be used by predators to synchronise their attacks with long inattentive periods of the prey. However, simple simulations showed that attack success would not be different from that of predators launching their attacks at the beginning of a randomly selected inattentive period of the prey. We propose that temporal dependence among the length of inattentive periods in greater rheas would be the result of simple mechanistic rules determined by the compromise between foraging and scanning behaviour, and it would be of little value to potential stalking predators. © 2011 Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica dell'Università, Firenze, Italia.  |l eng 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: Universidad de Buenos Aires 
536 |a Detalles de la financiación: We thank M. Beade and G. Staib for logistical support. M. Beade, F. Rabuffetti and M. Mermoz provided field assistance at General Lavalle; J. Corley, G. Martínez and S. Rossi provided field assistance at Gualeguaychú. We thank J. Boote, R. Paso and C. Sánches Álzaga for allowing us to perform the study on their cattle ranches. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved an earlier version of the manuscript. This study was supported by a grant from the University of Buenos Aires to G.J. Fernández (Programación UBACYT 2004–2007 X007). 
593 |a Laboratorío de Ecologia y Comportamiento Animal, Departamento de Ecología, Pabellón II Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina 
650 1 7 |2 spines  |a BIRD 
650 1 7 |2 spines  |a AVES 
651 4 |a RHEA AMERICANA 
651 4 |a ARGENTINA 
651 4 |a RHEA AMERICANA 
690 1 0 |a GREATER RHEA 
690 1 0 |a PREDATION 
690 1 0 |a SCANNING PATTERN 
690 1 0 |a SEQUENTIAL RANDOMNESS 
690 1 0 |a FORAGING BEHAVIOR 
690 1 0 |a NUMERICAL MODEL 
690 1 0 |a PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION 
690 1 0 |a TEMPORAL VARIATION 
690 1 0 |a WILD POPULATION 
690 1 0 |a PALAEOGNATHAE 
690 1 0 |a RHEA 
690 1 0 |a RHEIFORMES 
700 1 |a Fernández, G.J. 
700 1 |a Reboreda, Juan Carlos 
773 0 |d Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2011  |g v. 23  |h pp. 27-39  |k n. 1  |p Ethol. Ecol. Evol.  |x 03949370  |t Ethology Ecology and Evolution 
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