Use of fibrolytic enzymes additives to enhance in vitro ruminal fermentation of corn silage
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of four enzyme additives on ruminal fermentation of corn silage using a 48. h batch culture in vitro assay with buffer and ruminal fluid. Experiment 1 [Exp. 1] and Experiment 2 [Exp. 2] were conducted as completely randomized designs each with tw...
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Use of fibrolytic enzymes additives to enhance in vitro ruminal fermentation of corn silage |
| 520 | |a Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of four enzyme additives on ruminal fermentation of corn silage using a 48. h batch culture in vitro assay with buffer and ruminal fluid. Experiment 1 [Exp. 1] and Experiment 2 [Exp. 2] were conducted as completely randomized designs each with two runs and four replicates. The enzyme additives [E1, E2, E3, and E4] were commercial products that provided a range in endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and xylanase activities. For both xylanase [birch wood and oat spelt substrate] and endoglucanase [carboxymethylcellulose substrate], the enzyme products [per ml] were ranked E4 greather than E1 greather than E2 greather than E3. In Exp. 1, the four enzymes were added at 0, 2, 4, and 8. ul/g of corn silage dry matter [DM], whereas in Exp. 2 enzymes were added at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4. ul/g. DM. Gas production [GP] was measured at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48. h after incubation. Disappearance of DM [DMD], neutral detergent fiber [NDFD], and acid detergent fiber [ADFD], and volatile fatty acid concentrations [VFA; total and individual molar proportions] were determined after 24 and 48. h. In Exp. 1, E1 and E2 had higher NDFD and ADFD at 24 and 48. h of incubation [P less than 0.001] compared with E3 and E4. Increasing dose rate increased NDFD and ADFD for all enzymes [except ADFD for E4 at 48. h], with the optimum dose rate dependant on the enzyme additive [dose x enzyme; P less than 0.01]. There were some treatment effects on DMD and total GP at 24 and 48. h, but these responses were not consistent with responses in NDFD and ADFD. Experiment 2 was conducted to confirm the effects and optimum dose rate of each enzyme additive. In Exp. 2, DMD was not affected by enzyme after 24 and 48. h incubation. There were no enzyme x dose interactions for DMD, NDFD, or ADFD after 24 or 48. h of incubation [except for ADFD at 48. h]. After 24. h, DMD, NDFD, and ADFD increased linearly with increasing dose [P less than 0.05]; after 48. h DMD increased linearly, whereas NDFD increased quadratically with increasing enzyme dose [P less than 0.05]. The ADFD increased linearly after 48. h for E3 and E4, but after 48. h ADFD increased quadratically for E1 and E2. Total GP was consistently lowest for E4 at both incubation times [P less than 0.05]. There were no enzymeÃ-dose interactions [P greather than 0.05] for any of the fermentation variables at either 24 or 48. h of incubation in Exp. 2. There were differences amongst the additives for total VFA at 24 and 48. h [P less or equal to 0.05]; increasing enzyme dose decreased total VFA after 24. h but increased total VFA at 48. h, such that all doses were higher than the control [P less than 0.001]. Overall, the enzyme additives increased NDFD and ADFD of corn silage in vitro; however, E1 and E2 were more effective than E3 or E4. Responses to increasing dose of enzyme were generally linear or curvilinear, and the optimum dose rate differed amongst the products evaluated. Evaluation of the enzymes at 24 and 48. h generally led to the same ranking of the additives, and the degradation of NDF and ADF was more useful in differentiating the enzymes compared with DM and total GP. | ||
| 653 | 0 | |a CORN SILAGE | |
| 653 | 0 | |a DISAPPEARANCE | |
| 653 | 0 | |a EXOGENOUS FIBROLYTIC ENZYME | |
| 653 | 0 | |a IN VITRO BATCH CULTURE | |
| 653 | 0 | |a BACTERIA [MICROORGANISMS] | |
| 653 | 0 | |a TRITICUM AESTIVUM SUBSP. SPELTA | |
| 653 | 0 | |a ZEA MAYS | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Phakachoed, N. |9 72490 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Suksombat, W. |9 72491 | |
| 700 | 1 | |9 10874 |a Colombatto, Darío | |
| 700 | 1 | |9 72076 |a Beauchemin, Karen A. | |
| 773 | |t Livestock Science |g vol.157, no.1 (2013), p.100-112 | ||
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| 900 | |a ^tUse of fibrolytic enzymes additives to enhance in vitro ruminal fermentation of corn silage | ||
| 900 | |a ^aPhakachoed^bN. | ||
| 900 | |a ^aSuksombat^bW. | ||
| 900 | |a ^aColombatto^bD. | ||
| 900 | |a ^aBeauchemin^bK.A. | ||
| 900 | |a ^aPhakachoed^bN. | ||
| 900 | |a ^aSuksombat^bW. | ||
| 900 | |a ^aColombatto^bD. | ||
| 900 | |a ^aBeauchemin^bK. A. | ||
| 900 | |a ^aPhakachoed, N.^tSchool of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand | ||
| 900 | |a ^aSuksombat, W.^tSchool of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand | ||
| 900 | |a ^aColombatto, D.^tFacultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DSQ Buenos Aires, Argentina | ||
| 900 | |a ^aColombatto, D.^tConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONICET), Argentina | ||
| 900 | |a ^aBeauchemin, K.A.^tAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada | ||
| 900 | |a ^tLivestock Science^cLivest. Sci. | ||
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| 900 | |a Vol. 157, no. 1 | ||
| 900 | |a 112 | ||
| 900 | |a CORN SILAGE | ||
| 900 | |a DISAPPEARANCE | ||
| 900 | |a EXOGENOUS FIBROLYTIC ENZYME | ||
| 900 | |a IN VITRO BATCH CULTURE | ||
| 900 | |a BACTERIA [MICROORGANISMS] | ||
| 900 | |a TRITICUM AESTIVUM SUBSP. SPELTA | ||
| 900 | |a ZEA MAYS | ||
| 900 | |a Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of four enzyme additives on ruminal fermentation of corn silage using a 48. h batch culture in vitro assay with buffer and ruminal fluid. Experiment 1 [Exp. 1] and Experiment 2 [Exp. 2] were conducted as completely randomized designs each with two runs and four replicates. The enzyme additives [E1, E2, E3, and E4] were commercial products that provided a range in endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and xylanase activities. For both xylanase [birch wood and oat spelt substrate] and endoglucanase [carboxymethylcellulose substrate], the enzyme products [per ml] were ranked E4 greather than E1 greather than E2 greather than E3. In Exp. 1, the four enzymes were added at 0, 2, 4, and 8. ul/g of corn silage dry matter [DM], whereas in Exp. 2 enzymes were added at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4. ul/g. DM. Gas production [GP] was measured at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48. h after incubation. Disappearance of DM [DMD], neutral detergent fiber [NDFD], and acid detergent fiber [ADFD], and volatile fatty acid concentrations [VFA; total and individual molar proportions] were determined after 24 and 48. h. In Exp. 1, E1 and E2 had higher NDFD and ADFD at 24 and 48. h of incubation [P less than 0.001] compared with E3 and E4. Increasing dose rate increased NDFD and ADFD for all enzymes [except ADFD for E4 at 48. h], with the optimum dose rate dependant on the enzyme additive [dose x enzyme; P less than 0.01]. There were some treatment effects on DMD and total GP at 24 and 48. h, but these responses were not consistent with responses in NDFD and ADFD. Experiment 2 was conducted to confirm the effects and optimum dose rate of each enzyme additive. In Exp. 2, DMD was not affected by enzyme after 24 and 48. h incubation. There were no enzyme x dose interactions for DMD, NDFD, or ADFD after 24 or 48. h of incubation [except for ADFD at 48. h]. After 24. h, DMD, NDFD, and ADFD increased linearly with increasing dose [P less than 0.05]; after 48. h DMD increased linearly, whereas NDFD increased quadratically with increasing enzyme dose [P less than 0.05]. The ADFD increased linearly after 48. h for E3 and E4, but after 48. h ADFD increased quadratically for E1 and E2. Total GP was consistently lowest for E4 at both incubation times [P less than 0.05]. There were no enzymeÃ-dose interactions [P greather than 0.05] for any of the fermentation variables at either 24 or 48. h of incubation in Exp. 2. There were differences amongst the additives for total VFA at 24 and 48. h [P less or equal to 0.05]; increasing enzyme dose decreased total VFA after 24. h but increased total VFA at 48. h, such that all doses were higher than the control [P less than 0.001]. Overall, the enzyme additives increased NDFD and ADFD of corn silage in vitro; however, E1 and E2 were more effective than E3 or E4. Responses to increasing dose of enzyme were generally linear or curvilinear, and the optimum dose rate differed amongst the products evaluated. Evaluation of the enzymes at 24 and 48. h generally led to the same ranking of the additives, and the degradation of NDF and ADF was more useful in differentiating the enzymes compared with DM and total GP. | ||
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