Antagonistic effects of large - and small-scale disturbances on exotic tree invasion in a native tussock grassland relict

It is generally accepted that disturbances increase community invasibility. Yet the role of disturbance in plant invasions may be less predictable than often assumed, due to the influence of environmental stochasticity and interactions between disturbance regimes. We evaluated the single and interac...

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Otros Autores: Mazía, Cristina Noemí, Chaneton, Enrique José, Machera, Marina, Uchitel, Andrea, Feler, María Victoria, Ghersa, Claudio Marco
Formato: Artículo
Lenguaje:Inglés
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Acceso en línea:http://ri.agro.uba.ar/files/intranet/articulo/2010Mazia.pdf
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245 1 0 |a Antagonistic effects of large - and small-scale disturbances on exotic tree invasion in a native tussock grassland relict 
520 |a It is generally accepted that disturbances increase community invasibility. Yet the role of disturbance in plant invasions may be less predictable than often assumed, due to the influence of environmental stochasticity and interactions between disturbance regimes. We evaluated the single and interactive effects of prescribed burning [large-scale, infrequent event] and animal diggings [small-scale, frequent events] on the invasion success of Gleditsia triacanthos L. in a tussock grassland relict of the Inland Pampa, Argentina. Tree seedling emergence and survival were monitored over 4 years, after adjusting for propagule pressure through copious seed addition to all disturbance treatments. Burning altered community structure by suppressing tussock grasses and promoting exotic forbs, whereas simulated, armadillo-like diggings had little impact on herbaceous composition. Overall, seedling emergence rather than survival represented the main demographic bottleneck for tree invasion. Tree establishment success varied among seedling cohorts emerged in different climatic years. In a dry year, emergence was only slightly affected by disturbances. In contrast, for two consecutive wet years, initial burning and armadillo-like diggings exerted strong, antagonistic effects on tree recruitment. Whereas fire alone increased recruitment, the simulated burrowing regime prevented seedling emergence in both burned and unburned plots. The latter effect might be explained by reduced soil moisture, and increased seed burial and predation in excavated patches. Thus, the impact of a single, large-scale perturbation promoting woody plant invasion was overridden by a regime of small-scale, frequent disturbances. Our results show that grassland invasibility was contingent on inter-annual climatic variation as well as unexpected interactions between natural and anthropogenic disturbance agents. 
653 0 |a ANIMAL BURROWS 
653 0 |a FIRE 
653 0 |a GLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS 
653 0 |a SEED PREDATION 
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653 0 |a TREE-GRASS INTERACTIONS 
653 0 |a ANNUAL VARIATION 
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653 0 |a EMERGENCE 
653 0 |a ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE 
653 0 |a HERB 
653 0 |a INVASIBILITY 
653 0 |a INVASIVE SPECIES 
653 0 |a PRESCRIBED BURNING 
653 0 |a RELICT SPECIES 
653 0 |a SEED BURIAL 
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653 0 |a SOIL MOISTURE 
653 0 |a STOCHASTICITY 
653 0 |a SURVIVAL 
653 0 |a TUSSOCK GRASSLAND 
653 0 |a ARGENTINA 
653 0 |a PAMPAS 
653 0 |a ANIMALIA 
653 0 |a ARMADILLO 
653 0 |a GLEDITSIA 
653 0 |a GLEDITSIA TRIACANTHOS 
653 0 |a POACEAE 
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700 1 |9 69521  |a Uchitel, Andrea 
700 1 |a Feler, María Victoria  |9 12595 
700 1 |9 7549  |a Ghersa, Claudio Marco 
773 |t Biological Invasions  |g Vol.12, no.9 (2010), p.3109-3122 
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900 |a ^aMazía^bC.N.^tDepartamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina 
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900 |a It is generally accepted that disturbances increase community invasibility. Yet the role of disturbance in plant invasions may be less predictable than often assumed, due to the influence of environmental stochasticity and interactions between disturbance regimes. We evaluated the single and interactive effects of prescribed burning [large-scale, infrequent event] and animal diggings [small-scale, frequent events] on the invasion success of Gleditsia triacanthos L. in a tussock grassland relict of the Inland Pampa, Argentina. Tree seedling emergence and survival were monitored over 4 years, after adjusting for propagule pressure through copious seed addition to all disturbance treatments. Burning altered community structure by suppressing tussock grasses and promoting exotic forbs, whereas simulated, armadillo-like diggings had little impact on herbaceous composition. Overall, seedling emergence rather than survival represented the main demographic bottleneck for tree invasion. Tree establishment success varied among seedling cohorts emerged in different climatic years. In a dry year, emergence was only slightly affected by disturbances. In contrast, for two consecutive wet years, initial burning and armadillo-like diggings exerted strong, antagonistic effects on tree recruitment. Whereas fire alone increased recruitment, the simulated burrowing regime prevented seedling emergence in both burned and unburned plots. The latter effect might be explained by reduced soil moisture, and increased seed burial and predation in excavated patches. Thus, the impact of a single, large-scale perturbation promoting woody plant invasion was overridden by a regime of small-scale, frequent disturbances. Our results show that grassland invasibility was contingent on inter-annual climatic variation as well as unexpected interactions between natural and anthropogenic disturbance agents. 
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