| 500 |
|
|
|a Contents Preface Introduction Part 1 : Weeds Weed ecology and population dynamics Adam S. Davis, USDA-ARS, USA Introduction Populations: abundance Populations: weed distribution Target transitions: a quantitative approach to targeting weed life stages Communities in arable systems Agroecosystems Case study: mitigating the invasive potential of a bioenergy crop species Summary and future trends Where to look for further information References Weed-plant interactions Bruce Maxwell, Montana State University, USA Introduction Crop-weed interactions: an evolutionary perspective The nature of shared resource pools Direct competition for resources Indirect effects of competition Spatial and temporal dynamics Conclusion Where to look for further information References Invasive weed species and their effects David R. Clements, Trinity Western University, Canada Introduction What is an invasive weed? The invasion process Economic effects on agricultural commodities Indirect effects Globalization and climate change effects Applying IWM Conclusion Where to look for further information References Contents Part 2 : IWM principles Key issues and challenges of integrated weed management C. J. Swanton and T. Valente, University of Guelph, Canada Introduction Tillage Time of weed emergence relative to the crop Critical periods for weed control Crop morphology Row width and seeding density to reduce weed competitiveness Nutrient management Crop rotation Future trends and conclusion Where to look for further information References Ethical issues in integrated weed management Robert L. Zimdahl, Colorado State University, USA Introduction Ethical principles Ethics in agriculture Sustainability as an ethical goal Conclusion Where to look for further information References Surveillance and monitoring of weed populations Anita Dille, Kansas State University, USA Introduction Temporal and spatial variation Monitoring weed populations Case studies: how research has been used to improve practice Summary and future trends Where to look for further information References Part 3 : Using herbicides in IWM Site-specific weed management S.A. Clay and S.A. Bruggeman, South Dakota State University, USA Introduction Site-specific weed management Weed variability and its influence on weed management Field scouting: measuring spatial and temporal variabilities of weeds Other sensing methods and controlling weeds based on spatial variability Results, interpretation and management decisions Summary Future trends in research Where to look for further information References Assessing and minimizing the environmental effects of herbicides Christopher Preston, University of Adelaide, Australia Introduction Sources and fate of herbicides in the environment Environmental effects of herbicides Managing environmental effects of herbicides Future trends and conclusion Where to look for further information References Trends in the development of herbicide-resistant weeds Ian Heap, International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds, USA Introduction Herbicide resistance definitions Resistant weeds by site of action Resistant weeds by crop, region and weed family Management of herbicide-resistant weeds Future outlook on herbicide resistance Conclusion Where to look for further information References Part 4 : Cultural and physical methods for weed control The role of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management Prashant Jha, Montana State University, USA; and Krishna N. Reddy, USDA-ARS, USA Introduction Glyphosate-resistant crops Glufosinate-resistant crops Imidazolinone and sulphonylurea-tolerant crops New HR crop technologies HR crops as part of an IWM programme Summary Where to find further information References Cultural techniques to manage weeds Matt Liebman, Iowa State University, USA Introduction Crop population density Crop spatial arrangement Sowing time and transplanting Choice of crop genotype and breeding for competitive and allelopathic abilities Mulching Soil fertility management Irrigation and flooding: depth, timing and placement Effects of combining multiple practices: examples of ‘many little hammers’ at work Future trends in research Summary Where to look for further information References The use of rotations and cover crops to manage weeds John R. Teasdale, USDA-ARS, USA Introduction Crop rotation in weed management Cover crops in weed management Opportunities for weed establishment within rotations Conclusion Future trends Where to look for further information References Developments in physical weed control Eric R. Gallandt, University of Maine, USA; Daniel Brainard, Michigan State University, USA; and Bryan Brown, University of Maine, USA Introduction Tillage Physical weed control: overview Tools, weeds and soil conditions Weed–crop selectivity Fundamental problems with cultivation Future research priorities Where to look for further information References Flame weeding techniques Stevan Z. Knezevic, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA Introduction Flaming specifications, effectiveness and equipmen Weed response to heat Uses of flame weeding Advantages, disadvantages and environmental impacts Future research and practical recommendations Where to look for further information References Soil solarization: a sustainable method for weed management Baruch Rubin, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; and Abraham Gamliel, The Volcani Center, Israel Introduction Solarization: mode of action, effect on weeds, benefits and limitations Plastic mulching technologies Effects of solarization on soil nutrients and pesticides Solarization and integrated pest management Recent applications of organic amendments and solarization in weed control Concluding remarks Where to look for further information References Weed management in organic crop cultivation Greta Gramig, North Dakota State University, USA Introduction Tools and tactics used in organic systems Farmer case studies Future trends and conclusion Where to look for further information References Part 5 : Biological methods for weed control The use of allelopathy and competitive crop cultivars for weed suppression in cereal crops James M. Mwendwa, Charles Sturt University, Australia; Jeffrey D. Weidenhamer, Ashland University, USA; and Leslie A. Weston, Charles Sturt University, Australia Introduction: key issues and challenges Competitive crops and cultural strategies in weed management The effect of allelopathy on weed suppression The effect of soil and environment on plant metabolites (allelochemicals) Use of crop residue mulches and cover crops in weed suppression Case studies: production of benzoxazinoids in cereal crops Case studies: competitive cereal cultivars as a tool in integrated weed management Summary and future trends Where to look for further information References Bioherbicides: an overview Erin N. Rosskopf, USDA-ARS, United States Horticultural Laboratory, USA; Raghavan Charudattan, BioProdex, Inc., USA; and William Bruckart, USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, USA Introduction Natural products for targeting weed populations Microbial bioherbicides and classical biological control: an overview Examples of classical biological control Limitations and the effects of climate change Bioherbicides: inundative applications Integrating bioherbicides into weed management programmes Institutional changes for biological control adoption Conclusion Where to look for further information References The use of microorganisms in integrated weed management Susan M. Boyetchko, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada Introduction The role of biopesticides Historical accomplishments Recent registrations New discoveries under development Target weed selection Early discovery and screening Formulation and fermentation technologies Future trends and conclusion Where to look for further information References The use of bacteria in integrated weed management Ann C. Kennedy, USDA-ARS and Washington State University, USA Introduction The case of downy brome (cheatgrass, Bromus tectorum L.) Finding a biocontrol agent to manage downy brome Application and results Summary Future trends in research Where to look for further information References The use of insects in integrated weed management Sandrine Petit and David A. Bohan, UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France Introduction Deciphering complex interactions with generalist predator communities Managing fields and landscapes to enhance weed seed predation Extent of regulation Case study: the UK national survey farm-scale evaluation Conclusion Future trends Acknowledgements Where to look for further information References Index
|