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|9 14438
|a Buatois, Luis A.
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|a Ichnology :
|b organism-substrate interactions in space and time /
|c Luis A. Buatois y María Gabriela Mángano
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|a 1st ed.
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| 260 |
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|a Cambridge :
|b Cambridge University Press,
|c 2011
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| 300 |
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|a 358 p. :
|b il., fot. ;
|c 28 cm.
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|a Incluye Lndice analLtico.##
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|a Introduction -- Part I Conceptual tools and methods-- 1 The basics of ichnology -- 1.1 Basic concepts -- 1.2 Characteristics of trace fossils -- 1.2.1 Trace fossils represent evidence of behavior -- 1.2.2 The same organism may produce more than one ichnotaxon -- 1.2.3 The same ichnotaxon may be produced by more than one organism -- 1.2.4 Multiple architects may produce a single structure -- 1.2.5 Producers are commonly soft-bodied animals that are rarely preserved -- 1.2.6 Trace fossils are commonly preserved in rock units that are otherwise unfossiliferous -- 1.2.7 The same biogenic structure may be differentially preserved in various substrates -- 1.2.8 Trace fossils commonly have long stratigraphic ranges -- 1.2.9 Trace fossils commonly have narrow environmental ranges -- 1.2.10 Trace fossils are rarely transported -- 1.3 Preservation of trace fossils -- 1.3.1 Stratinomic classifi cations -- 1.3.2 Physiochemical processes of preservation and alteration -- 1.4 Ethology of trace fossils -- 1.4.1 Resting traces or cubichnia -- 1.4.2 Locomotion traces or repichnia -- 1.4.3 Death traces or mortichnia -- 1.4.4 Grazing traces or pascichnia -- 1.4.5 Feeding traces or fodinichnia -- 1.4.6 Dwelling traces or domichnia -- 1.4.7 Traps and farming traces or agrichnia -- 1.4.8 Escape traces or fugichnia -- 1.4.9 Equilibrium traces or equilibrichnia -- 1.4.10 Predation traces or praedichnia -- 1.4.11 Nesting traces or calichnia -- 1.4.12 Pupation chambers or pupichnia -- 1.4.13 Fixation/anchoring traces or fi xichnia -- 1.4.14 Bioclaustration structures or impedichnia -- 1.4.15 Discussion: complex traces and extended organisms -- 2 Taxonomy of trace fossils -- 2.1 Approach and philosophy -- 2.2 Some problems and practical guidelines -- 2.3 Ichnotaxobases -- 2.3.1 General form -- 2.3.2 Wall and lining -- 2.3.3 Branching -- 2.3.4 Fill -- 2.3.5 Spreite -- 2.4 Compound and composite trace fossils -- 2.4.1 Compound trace fossils -- 2.4.2 Composite trace fossils -- 2.5 Hierarchies in ichnotaxonomy -- 2.6 Vertebrate ichnotaxonomy -- 2.7 The uncertainty principle in ichnotaxonomy -- 2.8 Classifi cation of trace fossils in outcrops and cores -- 3 Paleobiology of trace fossils -- 3.1 Modes of life -- 3.1.1 Feeding strategy -- 3.1.2 Position with respect to the substrate–water interface -- 3.1.3 Level of motility -- 3.2 Modes of interaction with the substrate -- 3.3 Locomotion and burrowing mechanisms -- 3.3.1 Multiple modes of locomotion: the empiricist approach -- 3.3.2 Burrowing pre-adaptations: the morpho-structural approach -- 3.3.3 In search of a universal mechanism: the rationalist approach -- 3.4 Movement ecology -- 4 The ichnofacies model -- 4.1 The ichnofacies concept -- 4.2 Softground marine ichnofacies -- 4.2.1 Psilonichnus ichnofacies -- 4.2.2 Skolithos ichnofacies -- 4.2.3 Cruziana ichnofacies -- 4.2.4 Zoophycos ichnofacies -- 4.2.5 Nereites ichnofacies -- 4.3 Substrate-controlled ichnofacies -- 4.3.1 Glossifungites ichnofacies -- 4.3.2 Trypanites ichnofacies -- 4.3.3 Gnathichnus ichnofacies -- 4.3.4 Teredolites ichnofacies -- 4.4 Invertebrate continental ichnofacies -- 4.4.1 Scoyenia ichnofacies -- 4.4.2 Mermia ichnofacies -- 4.4.3 Coprinisphaera ichnofacies -- 4.4.4 Termitichnus ichnofacies -- 4.4.5 Celliforma ichnofacies -- 4.4.6 Octopodichnus–Entradichnus ichnofacies -- 4.5 Vertebrate ichnofacies -- 4.5.1 Chelichnus ichnofacies -- 4.5.2 Grallator ichnofacies -- 4.5.3 Brontopodus ichnofacies -- 4.5.4 Batrachichnus ichnofacies -- 4.5.5 Characichichnos ichnofacies -- 4.6 Pitfalls and confusions in ichnofacies analysis -- 5 The ichnofabric approach -- 5.1 Tiering -- 5.2 Ichnofabrics: concepts and methods -- 5.2.1 Quantifying bioturbation and illustrating ichnofabrics -- 5.2.2 Taphonomy of ichnofabrics -- 5.3 Types of ichnofabrics -- 5.4 The ichnoguild concept -- 5.5 Paleosol ichnofabrics -- 5.6 The role of bioturbation, bioerosion, and biodeposition -- 5.7 Bioturbation-enhanced permeability and reservoir characterization -- 5.8 Critical evaluation: ichnofabrics versus ichnofacies or ichnofabrics and ichnofacies? --
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|a Part II Spatial trends -- 6 Trace fossils and paleoecology -- 6.1 Response to environmental parameters -- 6.1.1 Hydrodynamic Energy -- 6.1.2 Substrate -- 6.1.3 Oxygenation -- 6.1.4 Salinity -- 6.1.5 Sedimentation rate -- 6.1.6 Food supply -- 6.1.7 Bathymetry -- 6.1.8 Water turbidity -- 6.1.9 Climate -- 6.1.10 Water table -- 6.2 Role of taphonomy -- 6.3 Ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity -- 6.4 Population strategies -- 6.5 Resident and colonization ichnofaunas -- 6.6 Ecosystem engineering -- 6.7 Organism–organism interactions -- 6.8 Spatial heterogeneity -- 7 Ichnology of shallow-marine clastic environments -- 7.1 Wave-dominated shallow marine -- 7.1.1 Backshore -- 7.1.2 Foreshore -- 7.1.3 Upper shoreface -- 7.1.4 Middle shoreface -- 7.1.5 Lower shoreface -- 7.1.6 Offshore transition -- 7.1.7 Upper offshore -- 7.1.8 Lower offshore -- 7.1.9 Shelf -- 7.2 Tide-dominated shallow marine -- 7.2.1 Supratidal marsh and mangroves -- 7.2.2 Mud fl at -- 7.2.3 Mixed fl at -- 7.2.4 Sand fl at -- 7.2.5 Tidal channels and creeks -- 7.2.6 Subtidal sandbars and tidal dunes -- 7.3 Mixed tide- and wave-infl uenced shorelines -- 7.3.1 Wave-dominated tidal fl ats -- 7.3.2 Tidal beaches -- 7.4 Muddy shorelines -- 8 Ichnology of marginal-marine environments -- 8.1 Estuaries -- 8.1.1 Wave-dominated estuaries -- 8.1.2 Tide-dominated estuaries -- 8.2 Bays -- 8.2.1 Restricted bays -- 8.2.2 Open bays -- 8.3 Deltas -- 8.3.1 River-dominated deltas -- 8.3.2 Wave-dominated deltas -- 8.3.3 Tide-dominated deltas -- 8.4 Fjords -- 9 Ichnology of deep-marine clastic environments -- 9.1 Slopes -- 9.1.1 Topographically simple slopes -- 9.1.2 Topographically complex slopes -- 9.2 Deep-marine turbidite systems -- 9.2.1 Fine-grained turbidite systems -- 9.2.2 Coarse-grained turbidite systems -- 9.3 Hyperpycnal systems -- 9.4 Basin plains -- 10 Ichnology of continental environments -- 10.1 Alluvial fans -- 10.2 Rivers -- 10.2.1 Channels -- 10.2.2 Overbank -- 10.3 Lakes -- 10.3.1 Closed lakes -- 10.3.2 Open lakes -- 10.4 Deserts -- 10.5 Paleosols -- 11 Ichnology of carbonate environments, rocky shorelines, and volcanic terrains -- 11.1 Carbonate systems -- 11.1.1 Shallow-marine tropical carbonates -- 11.1.2 Reefs -- 11.1.3 Shelf and deep-sea chalk -- 11.1.4 Carbonate turbidites -- 11.2 Rocky shorelines -- 11.3 Volcanic terranes --
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|a Part III A matter of time -- 12 Trace fossils in sequence stratigraphy -- 12.1 Recognition of discontinuity surfaces -- 12.2 Erosional discontinuities -- 12.2.1 Regressive surfaces of marine erosion -- 12.2.2 Lowstand surfaces of erosion -- 12.2.3 Transgressive surfaces of erosion -- 12.2.4 Co-planar surfaces of lowstand erosion and transgressive erosion -- 12.3 Non-erosional discontinuities -- 12.4 Characterization of parasequences -- 12.4.1 Wave-dominated parasequences -- 12.4.2 Tide-dominated parasequences -- 12.4.3 Deltaic parasequences -- 12.5 Delineation of parasequence sets and systems tracts -- 12.5.1 Progradational patterns -- 12.5.2 Retrogradational patterns -- 12.6 Carbonate sequence stratigraphy -- 12.7 Continental sequence stratigraphy -- 12.7.1 Lake basins -- 12.7.2 Alluvial plains -- 12.8 Evaluation of the models -- 13 Trace fossils in biostratigraphy -- 13.1 The Proterozoic–Cambrian boundary -- 13.2 Cruziana stratigraphy -- 13.3 Arthrophycid stratigraphy -- 13.4 Other invertebrate ichnotaxa -- 13.5 Tetrapod trackways -- 14 Trace fossils in evolutionary paleoecology -- 14.1 Evolutionary events -- 14.1.1 The early record of complex life -- 14.1.2 Ediacaran ecosystems -- 14.1.3 The Cambrian explosion -- 14.1.4 The Ordovician radiation -- 14.1.5 The origin of dinosaurs -- 14.1.6 Mass extinctions -- 14.2 Animal–substrate interactions and ecosystems through time -- 14.2.1 Colonization of shallow-marine environments -- 14.2.2 Colonization of the deep sea -- 14.2.3 Colonization of hard substrates -- 14.2.4 Colonization of tidal fl ats -- 14.2.5 Colonization of brackish-water environments -- 14.2.6 Colonization of freshwater and terrestrial environments -- 14.2.7 Arthropod–plant interactions through the Phanerozoic -- 15 Ichnology in paleoanthropology and archaeology -- 15.1 Applications in paleoanthropology -- 15.1.1 The Pliocene record -- 15.1.2 The Early Pleistocene record -- 15.1.3 The Middle Pleistocene record -- 15.1.4 The Late Pleistocene record -- 15.1.5 The Holocene record -- 15.2 Applications in archaeology -- 15.2.1 Biogenic structures in natural and artifi cial substrates -- 15.2.2 Ichnological hierophanies.
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| 650 |
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|a Paleontología
|9 5693
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| 650 |
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|a Paleoclimatología
|9 14440
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| 700 |
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|a Mángano, María Gabriela
|9 14441
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| 942 |
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