Energy dissipation Valence electrons Approximation theory ENERGY LOSSES Helium Ion beams Ions Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy Zinc Ab initio calculations Atomic force microscopy Atomic numbers Atomic physics Atoms Backscattering Band structure Bound electrons Cross section Crystal atomic structure Crystal impurities DIPROTONS Dielectric materials Eectronic stopping of slow molecular ions in solids Electron gas Electrons Energy loss Energy loss and straggling of protons and helium ions traversing some thin solid foils Energy straggling Experimental data Free electrons