Herramienta de chequeo de registro xml obtenido desde Cuadernos de Historia del Arte

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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Manumision as a political dimension of freedom in the Province of Cartagena, 1800 - 1810</dc:title>
	<dc:title xml:lang="es-ES">La manumisión como dimensión política de la libertad en la Provincia de Cartagena, 1800 - 1810</dc:title>
	<dc:title xml:lang="pt-BR">A manumissão como dimensão política da liberdade na Província de Cartagena, 1800 - 1810</dc:title>
	<dc:title xml:lang="ru-RU">анумиссия как политическое измерение свободы в провинции Картахена, 1800-1810</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Guzmán García, Jonathan </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="es-ES">Manumisión</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="es-ES">Libertad</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="es-ES">Disputas</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="es-ES">Esclavitud</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="es-ES">Provincia de Cartagena</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Manumission</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Freedom</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Disputes</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Slavery</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Province of Cartagena</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="pt-BR">Manumissão</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="pt-BR">Liberdade</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="pt-BR">Disputas</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="pt-BR">Escravidão</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="pt-BR">Província de Cartagena</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="fr-FR">Manumission</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="fr-FR">Liberté</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="fr-FR">Conflits</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="fr-FR">Esclavage</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="fr-FR">Province de Carthagène</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="ru-RU">Манумиссия</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="ru-RU">Свобода</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="ru-RU">Споры</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="ru-RU">Рабство</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="ru-RU">Картахенская провинция</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">The central proposal of this research project is to analyze the dynamics that occurred in the process of manumission, during the nineteenth century, in the Province of Cartagena. Basically, what we are trying to explain are the means that enslaved blacks had to leave their slave status. It will be highlighted in the appeal of the manumission, found in the manuscripts of the litigation made, in the background of blacks and slaves of the General Archive of the Nation; It is important not to lose sight that the voice of these social actors and their access to freedom will be traced.
&amp;nbsp;It is therefore that the present investigative work will analyze the resources that identified a black slave, of unknown name, who during the year 1802 sought the mechanisms to obtain his freedom in the province of Mompox. However, the lawsuit between Francisco Blanco de Castilla will be studied, for the title deeds of a black slave named Clemente, aged 13, given in the province of Santa Cruz de Mompox, on the coast of the Rio Grande de la Magdalena of the governorate of Cartagena de Indias.
Manumission as a mechanism to obtain freedom, compared to some cases that were generated in the province of Cartagena in the years 1800 - 1810. The mechanism of manumission is detailed in time as a legal process sometimes confronts the viability of slaves in front of their masters, in that we can verify the mechanism that opposes and imposes itself as a device in the slave system.
&amp;nbsp;In this journey we perceive the way in which the manumission as a legal action causes a change of perspective against the dominant slavery, it was not only in a certain place that this legal option could be obtained, but in many places they were made available by the slaves many times, a change of condition that not only remained in the thought, did not remain in an acceptance of the slavery of life, but was used in the generated facts that determined several cases, in its assumption it was in being able to have a significant reward for them called freedom letter.
That is why in this study we are interested in analyzing the manumission of blacks in the Caribbean of the mainland, more specifically in the Province of Cartagena de Indias, highlighting this option as one of the legal routes to which black slaves appealed to obtain your freedom Starting from the dynamics that were lived in the Caribbean at that time, illustrating through some examples of the period how
it was these mechanisms used by blacks already manumitted and how they were decisive in the city, based on the sources found in the A.G.N. and the Historical Archive of Cartagena de Indias.</dc:description>
	<dc:description xml:lang="es-ES">La propuesta central de este proyecto investigativo radica en analizar la dinámica que se dio en el proceso de manumisión, durante el siglo XIX, en la Provincia de Cartagena. Básicamente lo que se intenta explicar son los medios que tuvieron los negros esclavizados para dejar su condición de esclavo. Se hará énfasis en el recurso de la manumisión, encontrado en los manuscritos de los litigios efectuados, en el fondo de negros y esclavos del Archivo General de la Nación; es importante no perder de vista que se rastreará la voz de estos actores sociales y su acceso a la libertad.
&amp;nbsp;Es por tanto que el presente trabajo investigativo analizará los recursos que utilizó un negro esclavo, de nombre desconocido, quien durante el año de 1802 buscó los mecanismos para obtener su libertad en la provincia de Mompox. No obstante, se estudiará el pleito entre Francisco Blanco de Castilla, por los títulos de propiedad de un negro esclavo de nombre Clemente, de edad de 13 años, dado en la provincia de Santa Cruz de Mompox, en la costa del rio Grande de la Magdalena de la gobernación de Cartagena de Indias.
La manumisión como mecanismo para obtener la libertad, frente algunos casos que se generaron en la provincia de Cartagena en los años 1800 - 1810.El mecanismo de la manumisión es detallado en el tiempo como un proceso legal en algunas veces confronta la viabilidad de los esclavos frente a sus amos, en ello podemos constatar el mecanismo que se opone y se impone como dispositivo en el sistema esclavista.&amp;nbsp;
En este recorrido percibimos la manera en que la manumisión como una actos legal origino un cambio de perspectiva frente a la esclavitud dominante, no fue solo en un lugar determinado que pudo obtener esta opción legal, sino que en muchos lugares fueron puesto a disposición por los esclavos muchas veces, un cambio de condición que no solo quedo en el pensamiento, no quedo en una aceptar de la esclavitud de por vida, sino que se empleó en los hechos generados que determinaron varios casos, en que su finalidad estuvo en poder tener una recompensa significativa para ellos llamada carta de libertad.
&amp;nbsp;Es por ello que en este estudio nos interesa analizar la manumisión de los negros en el Caribe de tierra firme, más concretamente en la Provincia de Cartagena de Indias, destacando dicha opción como una de las vías legales a las que apelaron los negros esclavos para obtener su libertad. Partiendo así de las dinámicas que se vivían en el Caribe para ese momento, ilustrando a través de algunos ejemplos del periodo cómo fueron estos mecanismos usados por parte de los negros ya manumitidos y de qué forma fueron determinantes en la ciudad, basándose en las fuentes encontradas en el A.G.N. y el Archivo Histórico de Cartagena de Indias.</dc:description>
	<dc:description xml:lang="fr-FR">La proposition centrale de ce projet de recherche est d'analyser les dynamiques qui se sont produites dans le processus de manumission, au XIXe siècle, dans la province de Carthagène. Essentiellement, nous essayons d'expliquer les moyens par lesquels les noirs esclaves ont pu quitter leur condition d'esclave. L'accent sera mis sur la ressource de la manumission, trouvée dans les manuscrits des litiges réalisés, dans le fond de noirs et d'esclaves des Archives Générales de la Nation&amp;nbsp;; il est important de ne pas perdre de vue qu’on cherchera la voix de ces acteurs sociaux et leur accès à la liberté.
C’est pourquoi le présent travail de recherche analysera les ressources utilisées par un esclave noir, de nom inconnu, qui, au cours de l’année de 1802, chercha des mécanismes pour obtenir sa liberté dans la province de Mompox. Cependant, le procès entre Francisco Blanco de Castilla sera étudié pour les titres de propriété d'un esclave noir nommé Clemente, âgé de 13 ans, donné dans la province de Santa Cruz de Mompox, sur la côte du Río Grande de la Magdalena du gouvernorat de Carthagène des Indes.
&amp;nbsp;
La Manumission en tant que mécanisme permettant d'obtenir la liberté par rapport à certains cas générés dans la province de Carthagène au cours des années 1800-1810. Le mécanisme de manumission est détaillé dans le temps en tant que procédure légale qui parfois confronte la viabilité des esclaves devant leurs maîtres, nous pouvons ainsi vérifier le mécanisme qui s'oppose et s'impose en tant que dispositif du système esclavagiste.
&amp;nbsp;
Lors de ce parcours, nous percevons la façon dont la manumission, en tant qu’acte juridique, a provoqué un changement de perspective contre l’esclavage dominant. C’est non seulement à un endroit donné que cette option légale a pu être obtenue, mais elle a été offerte à de nombreux endroits par les esclaves à plusieurs reprises&amp;nbsp;; un changement de condition qui non seulement demeurait dans la pensée, ne restait pas dans l'acceptation de l'esclavage à vie, mais était utilisé dans les faits générés qui déterminaient plusieurs cas, dans lesquels le but était de pouvoir obtenir une récompense significative pour eux appelée lettre de liberté.
&amp;nbsp;
C’est pourquoi, dans cette étude, nous nous intéressons à l’analyse de la mission des noirs dans les Caraïbes continentales, plus précisément dans la province de Carthagène des Indes, en soulignant que cette option est l’un des moyens juridiques que les esclaves noirs ont utilisés pour obtenir leur liberté.
Partant de la dynamique vécue à l’époque dans les Caraïbes et illustrant à travers quelques exemples de la période comment ces mécanismes ont été utilisés par les noirs déjà libérés et comment ils ont été décisifs dans la ville, d'après les sources trouvées dans l'A.G.N. et les Archives Historiques de Carthagène des Indes.
&amp;nbsp;</dc:description>
	<dc:description xml:lang="pt-BR">A proposta central deste projeto investigativo radica em analisar a dinâmica que se deu no processo de manumissão, durante o século XIX, na Província de Cartagena. Basicamente o que se tenta explicar são os meios que tiveram os negros escravizados para deixar a sua condição de escravo. Fará-se ênfase no recurso da manumissão, encontrado nos manuscritos dos litígios efetuados, no fundo de negros e escravos do Arquivo Geral da Nação; é importante não perder de vista que se rastreará a voz destes atores sociais e o seu acesso à liberdade.
&amp;nbsp;
É por tanto que o presente trabalho investigativo analisará os recursos que utilizou um negro escravo, de nome desconhecido, quem durante o ano de 1802 buscou os mecanismos para obter a sua liberdade na província de Mompox. Não obstante, se estudará o pleito entre Francisco Blanco de Castilla, pelos títulos de propriedade de um negro escravo de nome Clemente, de idade de 13 anos, dado na província de Santa Cruz de Mompox, no litoral do Rio Grande da Madalena da governação de Cartagena das Índias.
A manumissão como mecanismo para obter a liberdade, frente alguns casos que se geraram na província de Cartagena nos anos 1800 – 1810. O mecanismo da manumissão é detalhado no tempo como um processo legal em algumas vezes confronta a viabilidade dos escravos frente a seus amos, nisso podemos constatar o mecanismo que se opõe e se impõe como dispositivo no sistema escravista. 
&amp;nbsp;
Neste percorrido percebemos a maneira na que a manumissão como um ato legal originou uma mudança de perspectiva frente à escravidão dominante, não foi só em um lugar determinado que possa obter esta opção legal, senão que em muitos lugares foram postos a disposição pelos escravos muitas vezes, uma mudança de condição que não só ficou no pensamento, não ficou em uma aceitação de por vida, senão que se empregou nos fatos gerados que determinaram vários casos, em que a sua finalidade esteve em poder ter uma recompensa significativa para eles chamada carta de liberdade.
&amp;nbsp;
É por isto que neste estudo interessa-nos analisar a manumissão dos negros no Caribe de terra firme, mais concretamente na Província de Cartagena das Índias, destacando dita opção como uma das vias legais às que apelaram os negros escravos para obter a sua liberdade. Partindo assim das dinâmicas que se viviam no Caribe para esse momento, ilustrando a través de alguns exemplos do período como foram estes mecanismos usados por parte dos negros já manumitidos e de que forma foram determinantes na cidade, baseando-se nas fontes encontradas no A.G.N. e no Arquivo Histórico de Cartagena das Índias.</dc:description>
	<dc:description xml:lang="ru-RU">Центральное предложение этого исследовательского проекта состоит в том, чтобы проанализировать динамику, которая произошла в процессе 
Манумиссии&amp;nbsp; девятнадцатом веке в провинции Картахена. По сути, мы пытаемся объяснить, каким образом порабощенные негры должны были покинуть свой рабский статус. Особое внимание будет уделено 
обращению манумиссии, найденному в рукописях судебного процесса, на фонде чернокожих и рабов из Всеобщего архива нации; Важно не упускать из виду, что голос этих социальных акторов и их доступ к свободе будут отслежены.
&amp;nbsp;
Поэтому в этой исследовательской работе будут проанализированы ресурсы, используемые черным рабом с неизвестным именем, который в 1802 года искал механизмы, чтобы получить свою свободу в провинции
&amp;nbsp;Момпокс. Тем не менее, иск Франсиско Бланко де Кастилья будет
&amp;nbsp;изучен, для титулов чернокожего раба по имени Клементе, 13 лет, данное в провинции Санта-Крус-де-Момпокс, на побережье Рио-Гранде-де-ла- Магдалена, в мухафазе Картахена-де-Индиас.
Манумиссия как механизм получения свободы, перед некоторыми случаями, которые были созданы в провинции Картахена в 1800 - 1810 годах. Механизм Манумиссии детализирован во времени как юридический процесс, иногда сталкивающийся с жизнеспособностью рабов перед &amp;nbsp;их хозяевами, в этом мы можем проверить механизм, который &amp;nbsp;противостоит и навязывает себя как устройство в рабовладельческий строй.
&amp;nbsp;
В этом путешествии мы воспринимаем манумиссию, которым обращение как правовой акт вызвало изменение перспективы перед господствующего рабства,
Это было не только в определенном месте, что он смог получить
&amp;nbsp;этот законный вариант, но во многих местах они были доступны рабам много раз, изменение состояния, которое не только оставалось в мыслях, не оставалось в принятии рабства на всю жизнь, но использовалось в сгенерированных фактах, которые определили несколько случаев, что их цель состояла в том, чтобы получить для них значительную награду, называемую письмом о свободе.
Манумиссия, Свобода, Споры, Рабство, Картахенская провинция</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="es-ES">Comité Editor IHA - Instituto de Historia del Arte  -  Facultad de Filosofía y Letras - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2019-12-11</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="es-ES">Artículo evaluado por pares doble ciego.</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs3/index.php/cuadernoshistoarte/article/view/2766</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Art History Notebooks; No. 33 (2019); 81-110</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="es-ES">CUADERNOS DE HISTORIA DEL ARTE; Núm. 33 (2019); 81-110</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2618-5555</dc:source>
	<dc:source>0070-1688</dc:source>
	<dc:language>spa</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs3/index.php/cuadernoshistoarte/article/view/2766/1991</dc:relation>
</oai_dc:dc>

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    "title": "Manumision as a political dimension of freedom in the Province of Cartagena, 1800 - 1810",
    "title_short": "Manumision as a political dimension of freedom in the Province of Cartagena, 1800 - 1810",
    "title_full": "Manumision as a political dimension of freedom in the Province of Cartagena, 1800 - 1810",
    "title_fullStr": "Manumision as a political dimension of freedom in the Province of Cartagena, 1800 - 1810",
    "title_full_unstemmed": "Manumision as a political dimension of freedom in the Province of Cartagena, 1800 - 1810",
    "title_sort": "manumision as a political dimension of freedom in the province of cartagena, 1800 - 1810",
    "description": "The central proposal of this research project is to analyze the dynamics that occurred in the process of manumission, during the nineteenth century, in the Province of Cartagena. Basically, what we are trying to explain are the means that enslaved blacks had to leave their slave status. It will be highlighted in the appeal of the manumission, found in the manuscripts of the litigation made, in the background of blacks and slaves of the General Archive of the Nation; It is important not to lose sight that the voice of these social actors and their access to freedom will be traced.\n It is therefore that the present investigative work will analyze the resources that identified a black slave, of unknown name, who during the year 1802 sought the mechanisms to obtain his freedom in the province of Mompox. However, the lawsuit between Francisco Blanco de Castilla will be studied, for the title deeds of a black slave named Clemente, aged 13, given in the province of Santa Cruz de Mompox, on the coast of the Rio Grande de la Magdalena of the governorate of Cartagena de Indias.\nManumission as a mechanism to obtain freedom, compared to some cases that were generated in the province of Cartagena in the years 1800 - 1810. The mechanism of manumission is detailed in time as a legal process sometimes confronts the viability of slaves in front of their masters, in that we can verify the mechanism that opposes and imposes itself as a device in the slave system.\n In this journey we perceive the way in which the manumission as a legal action causes a change of perspective against the dominant slavery, it was not only in a certain place that this legal option could be obtained, but in many places they were made available by the slaves many times, a change of condition that not only remained in the thought, did not remain in an acceptance of the slavery of life, but was used in the generated facts that determined several cases, in its assumption it was in being able to have a significant reward for them called freedom letter.\nThat is why in this study we are interested in analyzing the manumission of blacks in the Caribbean of the mainland, more specifically in the Province of Cartagena de Indias, highlighting this option as one of the legal routes to which black slaves appealed to obtain your freedom Starting from the dynamics that were lived in the Caribbean at that time, illustrating through some examples of the period how\nit was these mechanisms used by blacks already manumitted and how they were decisive in the city, based on the sources found in the A.G.N. and the Historical Archive of Cartagena de Indias.",
    "publisher": [
        "Comit\u00e9 Editor IHA - Instituto de Historia del Arte  -  Facultad de Filosof\u00eda y Letras - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo"
    ],
    "publishDate": [
        "2019"
    ],
    "url": [
        "https:\/\/revistas.uncu.edu.ar\/ojs3\/index.php\/cuadernoshistoarte\/article\/view\/2766"
    ],
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}