America’s socio-health scenarios in the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a world public health crisis. COVID-19 and non-communicable diseases have led to an increased risk of complications and death. The objective of this research was to identify and characterize socio-health scenarios (SHS)...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artículo revista |
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Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnología
2021
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| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/34955 |
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| Sumario: | Abstract:
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a world public health crisis. COVID-19 and non-communicable diseases have led to an increased risk of complications and death. The objective of this research was to identify and characterize socio-health scenarios (SHS) in America from March 2020 to June 2021.
An ecological, transversal and descriptive study was conducted and data from different international organizations was used (World Health Organization, Panamerican Health Organization, United Nation´s Development Program, Global Cancer Observatory and Our World in Data). Information regarding the following was taken into account: prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes, incidence of cancer, % of older adult population, total population, Human Development Index (HDI), Coverage of essential services, Health spending per capita, Health spending as% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), COVID-19 cumulative incidence (CI), cumulative mortality (CM) and lethality (L) and government rigor index (IRG) of 27 American countries. Principal component factor analysis was applied to construct SSS, considering an eigenvalue> 1 and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sample adequacy test> 0.50 (Stata-v14 software). The identification of each SSS (factor) was based on the factor loading criterion (LC) ≥ 0.50.
Four different scenarios were identified in America that explains 80% of the variability and KMO=0.64. The first scenario was called “of developed countries” and was characterized by high LC for obesity, cancer, % of older adults, HDI, health spendings per capita and as% of GDP and CI of COVID-19. Countries that presented the highest adherence to this scenario were the United States and Canada. Honduras and Haiti showed the least adherence. The second scenario named “worst affected by COVID-19” presented elevated LC for coverage of essential services, CM y L by COVID-19. Peru and México showed the most adherence and Cuba and Cánada the least. The third scenario was named “unrelated to COVID-19” and presented low LC for hypertension and diabetes. The fourth scenario, “of high incidence in rigorous countries” presented elevated LC for governmental rigor and CI for COVID-19, being Argentina and Chile among the countries that showed most adherence to this scenario.
In America 4 different scenarios were identified for COVID-19, related to development conditions, health and policies adopted by governments. These would allow directing health promotion and preventing actions.
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