Evaluation of facial physiological and behavioral olfactory responses of newborns subjected to different modes of stimulation with breast milk
Abstract: Smell is essential in the perinatal period for the survival of mammals, access to a food source and a psycho-biological mother-child nexus. Clinical trials carried out in France by Porter, Varendi and Marlier, and in Italy by Bartocci showed that olfactory stimuli to two cen...
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| Formato: | Artículo revista |
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Universidad Nacional Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnología
2021
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| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/med/article/view/34912 |
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| Sumario: | Abstract:
Smell is essential in the perinatal period for the survival of mammals, access to a food source and a psycho-biological mother-child nexus. Clinical trials carried out in France by Porter, Varendi and Marlier, and in Italy by Bartocci showed that olfactory stimuli to two centimeters from the nose of neonates generate appetitive or aversive physiological responses in heart rate and respiratory and facial behavior; but there are not studies that evaluate these responses at other distances. The objective of this work was to comparatively analyze the physiological (heart rate, transcutaneous and cerebral oxygen saturation) and facial behavioral responses in hospitalized newborns to two modes of olfactory stimulation, and to investigate whether the smell of mother's milk is perceive at 15 cm in the same way as at 2 cm. We realized non-blind, cross-sectional, experimental non-pharmacological clinical trial, approved by the CIEIS of the HUMN; project SECYT Formar 2018-2019. Twenty-two term neonates with weight according to their gestational age, 11 men and 11 women, were randomized into two groups: one for olfactory stimulation at 2cm (n 11) and another at 15 cm (n 11). Sensors were placed in the frontal region for brain monitoring of oxygen by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and pulse oxygen saturation in the right hand. Basal, stimulation and post-basal state were also evaluated. All procedures were filmed for analysis. The data obtained were subjected to ANOVA for repeated measures, median and ranges. In both groups we observed appetitive facial responses to the presence of the smell of breast milk; there were no changes in heart rate and transcutaneous oxygen saturation when comparing the three moments of the trials; cerebral oxygen saturation showed a decrease in the values at the moments of stimulation of both the right and left hemispheres, attributable to an increase in activity neuronal. We conclude that neonates detect the smell of breast milk both at 15 cm and 2 cm, which would allow creating an aerolization system in the incubators at a distance away from the nose, to stimulate the attachment and development of hospitalized newborns
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